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Biology > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Darwin’s postulates

A

Characteristics are inherited

Too many offspring are produced

The better adapted offspring survive

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2
Q

Source for new alleles

A

Mutation

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3
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Useless structures

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4
Q

Biogeography

A

Distribution of life based on barriers over time development and prices of species on different locations

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5
Q

Artificiall selection is also known as

A

Selective breeding

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6
Q

Convergence

A

Similar structures with no common ancestor

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7
Q

Gene pool

A

All alleles in a species

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8
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Speciation because of different places

There is dispersion variance and adaptive radiation

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9
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Speciation that happens in the same place it is usually due to chromosomal differences or reproductive barriers

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10
Q

Rates of speciation

A

Simple Darwinism and punctuated equilibria

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11
Q

Simple Darwinism

A

Slow and steady

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12
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Not slow and steady

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13
Q

Population genetics

A

Genetic composition in different populations

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14
Q

Allele frequency

A

How often in the wheel appears in the population

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15
Q

founder effect

A

Event that starts with a change in allele frequency

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16
Q

Hardy Weinberg equation

A

Helps find allele distribution

17
Q

P squared

A

Homozygous dominant percentage

18
Q

Q squared

A

Homozygous recessive percentage

19
Q

2pq

A

Heterozygous allele

20
Q

Hardy Weinberg equation

A

P² + 2pq + q²= 1

21
Q

Genetic drift

A

Allele disappears for no reason

22
Q

Bottleneck

A

Drastic change severely shrinks the population

23
Q

Gene flow

A

Flow of alleles in the population

24
Q

What things can affect evolution

A

Genetic drift the founder effect bottleneck effect or chance

25
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Irregular number of chromosomes

26
Q

Allopolyploidy

A

Abnormal number of chromosomes from different species

27
Q

Autopolyploidy

A

Abnormal number of chromosomes from same species

28
Q

Sexual selection

A

Mates that are most liked are most successful reproducing

29
Q

Hybrid zones

A

Place where two closely-related species can interact and interbreed

30
Q

Things that can happen in hybrid zones

A

Reinforcement
Stability
Fusion

31
Q

Sister taxa

A

Points that come from one branch point

32
Q

Species is

A

Genus + epithet

33
Q

Cladistics

A

How we group taxa

34
Q

Monophyletic

A

All descendants + MRCA

35
Q

Descent with modification

A

Organisms come from one ancestor and diversify

36
Q

Biological species concept

A

Species are groups that can interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other species

37
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

Population characterized by one or more derived characteristics

38
Q

Transposons

A

Jumping transfer genes between millet and rice

39
Q

Ring of life model

A

All domains evolved from a pool of prokaryotes via horizontal Gene transfer

Biology (15 decks)

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