Module 6 Flashcards
Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics are.
Homologous chromosomes.
they are the two chromosomes inherited one for Mom and one from Dad that code for the same information
What happens during interphase
The cell grows and duplicates chromosomes
Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by
Interphase
Which of the following statements regarding the differences between meiosis and mitosis is false
In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice
In meiosis four daughter cells are produced whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced
crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis
Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis
Crossing over is something that happens during meiosis not mitosis because The offspring or daughter cells that are produced in mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they
Are housed in a membrane enclosed nucleus
A pair of sex chromosomes found in a human male is most like
A bride and groom
A pair of blue jeans
Identical twins
A knife a fork and a spoon
A bride and groom because they are both different as human males have an XY genome on their 23rd chromosome.
Eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in which phase
Interphase
The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called
Cytokinesis
Cancer is usually not inherited because
The chromosomal changes and cancer are usually confined to the somatic cells
A skin cell of a red fox has 34 chromosomes.you look at the cell under a microscope and see that it has 34 chromosomes and one nucleus.several hours later you look at the same cell again and see that it has double the amount of DNA and one nucleus a little while later you see that it has 68 chromosomes and two nuclei what stage of the cell cycle.was this cell in when you viewed it at each point?
First few g1 second view G2 third view telophase
looking into your microscope you spot an unusual cell instead of the typical rounded cell shape the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends it looks sort of like a number eight you realize that this cell is
Undergoing cytokinesis
Nondisjunction occurs when
Members of a chromosome pair fail to separate which can result in 0 or two copies of a chromosome and a gamete
You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue you notice that the cells seem to fail to exhibit density dependent inhibition meaning that the cells are dividing out of control. The source of this tissue sample is most likely
A cancerous tumor
Prior to mitosis and after s phase each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called
Sister chromatids
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform
Telophase
Karyotyping
Examines points of crossing over
Reveals the presence of cancerous genes
Shows chromosomes as they appear in metaphase of meiosis 2
Can reveal alterations in chromosome number
Can reveal alterations in chromosome number
Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false
In mitosis the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase
all the events unique to meiosis occur during meiosis 1
Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair
Meiosis provides for asexual reproduction
this is false because asexual reproduction happens during mitosis not meiosis
Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent
A drug that prevents the mitotic spindle from forming
Which of the following statements is false
An X chromosome is an autosome
Sister chromatids are
Unique to prokaryotes
Found immediately after a cell divides
Joined at the centromere
Or made only of DNA
They are joined together at a centromere
Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false
prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes
Prokaryotic souls are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
Most prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission
Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes
Prokaryotic chromosomes are not more complex than those of eukaryotes.
Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false
mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes
In animals meiosis occurs in the ovaries and testes
All sexual life cycles involve an alternation of diploid and haploid stages
Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells
this is false because the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell so they can’t have half of the genome
A karyotype is most like
Photographs of every couple at a high school prom because you see the pairs of chromosomes you see the chromosome from the father and the chromosome from the mother and their rearranged together so that they are paired up by their genetic content
At the start of the mitotic anaphase
The centromeres of each chromosome come apart
Which of the following statements regarding the function of mitosis is false
Mitosis promotes genetic diversity
Mitosis promotes repair tissues
Mitosis is necessary for a sexual reproduction in eukaryotes
Mitosis allows organisms to grow
Mitosis promotes genetic diversity
Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division
Formation of a cell plate
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on an equidistant plane from the two spindle poles
Metaphase
P which of the following helps maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes
Proteins called histones
The genetic material is duplicated during
The S phase
Cohesin Proteins
Keep sister chromatids together
Sister chromatids are attached by
Cohesion proteins AKA kinetochores
Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
G1 checkpoint
Checks nutrients growth factors and DNA damage
Metaphase
Make sure that chromosomes are attached to spindles
G2
Checks cell size and dna replication
G0
Resting state
Telophase and cytokinesis can happen
separately or concurrently
Telomeres get shorter with every
Cell split
