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Biology > Final Help > Flashcards

Final Help Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Physical science

A

Study of non-living things

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2
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Using observation to make conclusion

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3
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

General to specific. Parts from a principle

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4
Q

Artificial selection

A

How humas alter which characteristics flourish

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5
Q

Systems Biology

A

Studying interactions in biological systems

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6
Q

Emergent properties

A

Group properties not properties of the individual

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7
Q

Modern synthesis

A

Fusion of genetics and evolution

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8
Q

Population genetics

A

What changes allele frequency through time

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9
Q

Allele frequency

A

How often an allele is in a population

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10
Q

Gene pool

A

Total Alleles in a place

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11
Q

Founder effect

A

New event that causes a change in gene frequency

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12
Q

Hardy Weinberg principle

A

Equation that calculated gene frequency

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13
Q

P2

A

Dominant homozygous

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14
Q

Q2

A

Homo recessive

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15
Q

2pq

A

Heterozygous

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16
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Random deleting of an allele

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17
Q

Bottle neck

A

Large original population that goes through a drastic change and results in little population

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18
Q

Gene flow

A

How genes move from one environment to another

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19
Q

Environmental impacts

A

Can also cause changes in alleles

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20
Q

Natural selection

A

Can also impact the gene frequency

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21
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Average phenotype is favored

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22
Q

Directional selection

A

Change in environment that changes the spectrum of phenotype chooses one end of the spectrum

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23
Q

Diversifying selection

A

. individuals on both sides of spectrum are favored but not the middle

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24
Q

Frequency dependent selection

A

Favors common or rare phenotypes

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25
Q

Dimorphism

A

Difference in males and females

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26
Q

Sexual selection

A

More favored by other sex reproduce

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27
Q

What makes a nucleotide

A
  • sugar
  • nitrogenous base
  • phosphate
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28
Q

Monomers of DNA and

RNA

A

Nucleotides

29
Q

A phospholipid is made of

A

Glycerol and 2 fatty acids

30
Q

Bonds between 2 nitrogens

A

3

31
Q

Tryglycerides are

A

Lipids

32
Q

Which donates electrons in salt

A

Na+

33
Q

Comparing a pH of 1 with a pH of 2

A

pH of 1 is 10 times more acidic

34
Q

Tertiary structure is

A

The 3D shape of the protein

35
Q

Quartenary structure

A

2 or more polypeptides

36
Q

___ differentiates one protein from another

A

Amino acid sequence

37
Q

Hydrogen binds give water a

A

High heat capacity

38
Q

Organic compounds

A

Contain carbon

39
Q

Amino acids are made of

A

Carboxyl and amino groups and an R group

40
Q

Organisms do NOT have a

A

Constant internal environment

41
Q

Ice is less dense than water

A

True

42
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaks down with water

43
Q

Which fat is more likely to cause heart disease

A

Trans fat

44
Q

Glycogen is the equivalent of ___ in plants

A

Starch

45
Q

Photoautotrophs make

A

Organic molecules from inorganic molecules

46
Q

Anaerobic reactions

A

Transfer energy to ATP molecules
Break down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
Occur in the absence of oxygen

47
Q

Giving a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule happens when

A

A signaling molecule binds to a protein outside of the cell

48
Q

Chlorophyll is in

A

Thylakoid membranes

49
Q

Anabolic metabolism refers to

A

Reactions that make compounds

50
Q

Stomata

A

Holes where CO2 oxygen and water are exchanged

51
Q

Photophosphorylation moves H+ from the stroma to the thylakoids, this creates an H+ gradient

A

True

52
Q

Volume increases faster than

A

Surface area

53
Q

What provides the boost of electrons

A

Photons

54
Q

Pyruvate forms after

A

Glycolysis

55
Q

Carbon fixation is taking CO2 and

A

Making it into an organic molecule

56
Q

The citric acid cycle doesn’t make

A

Pyruvate

57
Q

Mitochondria contain

A

Dna and RNA code

58
Q

Steroids

A

Change gene expression
Combine with receptors
Are soluble in lipids

59
Q

Cellular respiration is

A

Breaking down sugar and oxygen to make glucose

60
Q

What does the Calvin cycle produce

A

Glucose ADP

NADP+

61
Q

Anything that prevents ATP formation results in

A

Cell death

62
Q

The electron Transport chain moves electrons from photosystem II to

A

Photosystem I

63
Q

After leaving the light reactions, NADP+ Is reduced to

A

NADPH

64
Q

Vitamins are

A

Coenzymes

65
Q

Endergonic

A

Requires energy

66
Q

Where does the electron transport chain happen

A

Mitochondrial memebrane

67
Q

Mesophyll

A

Middle part of a leaf

68
Q

Stomata

A

Holes on the outside of leaves

69
Q

Light reactions

A

Harvesting of light to power the electron Transport chain and make ATP and NADPH

Biology (15 decks)

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