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Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Light Microscope

A

Light passes through the cell

  • can be used on living specimens
  • can magnify 400 times
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2
Q

Electron microscope

A

Shoots electrons through the cell
Better magnification and resolution
-kills the specimen

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3
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made from cells and all cells come from cells

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4
Q

Scanning Electron microscope

A

Scans the surface

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5
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Penetrates the cells interior

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6
Q

Surface to volume ratio of cells

A

Volume grows faster than surface area

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7
Q

Magnification

A

Enlarging an object

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8
Q

Resolution

A

Being to distinguish 2 things that are next to each other

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9
Q

Compound light microscopes

A

Bend light to provide magnification

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10
Q

Scanning Electron microscope

A

Records details about the surface area

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11
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Records the inside of the cell

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12
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer part of cell
Limits the cytoplasm
Flexible

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13
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Moving with the help of proteins

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14
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Don’t have membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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16
Q

Cytosol

A

Gel like liquid inside of the cytoplasm

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17
Q

Chromosomes

A

Made of chromatin

Makes DNA

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18
Q

Chromatin

A

Protein DNA complex that makes chromosomes

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19
Q

Ribosomes

A

Cellular structure makes proteins

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20
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

  • has cytosol
  • organelles
  • chemicals
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21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Fibers keep shape
Secures organelles
Helps cytoplasm and vesicles move
-helps unicellular organisms move independently

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22
Q

Nucleoid

A

Center of prokaryote where chromosome is located

23
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dark body in nucleus that makes ribosome subunits

24
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semisolid fluid that contains chromatin and nucleolus

25
Q

Flagella

A

Tails that help move

26
Q

Cilia

A

Little hairs that move things over the surface of a cell or move the cell over things

27
Q

Organelles

A

Compartment or sac within the cell

28
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels between adjacent cell walls

Help transport things between cells

29
Q

Gap junction

A

Channel between 2 animal cells

30
Q

Cholesterol in the cell membrane

A

Is a stabilizer

31
Q

Tay Sachs disease

A

Is a result of malfunction of lysosomes

32
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores calcium ions in muscle cells
Makes carbs lipids and hormones
Detoxify certain chemicals

33
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modifies proteins and makes phospholipids

34
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Sort tag and package lipids and proteins

35
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests proteins polysaccharides lipids nucleic acids and organelles

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contains hydrogen peroxide
Oxidizes fatty acids and amino acids
Detoxifies poisons

37
Q

Vacuoles

A

Membrane-bound sac for storage and transport

Vacuoles are bigger than vesicles

38
Q

Vesicle

A

Membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport.
Can fuse with membranes

39
Q

Central vacuole

A

Plant cell storage compartment
Holds water
macromolecule degradation

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

Uses energy stored in chemical bonds to carry out cellular respiration and make ATP

41
Q

Matrix

A

Area inside of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

42
Q

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

Membrane of the mitochondria that has cristae

43
Q

ATP synthesis

A

Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

44
Q

Outer memebrane

A

Outside memebrane of a cell

45
Q

Inner membrane space

A

Space between the 2 cell memebranes in mitochondria

46
Q

Cristae

A

Folds in the inner memebrane of the mitochondria

47
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Energy is released from bonds to make ATP

48
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid in chloroplasts

49
Q

Carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

50
Q

Thylakoids

A

Fluidfilled memebrane sacs in chloroplasts

51
Q

Granum

A

Stack of thylakoids

52
Q

Motor Proteins

A

Carry cellular materials

53
Q

Cellular metabolism

A

All reactions in the cell

54
Q

Cell wall

A

Layer of protection that provides structure and prevents against dehydration

Biology (15 decks)

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