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Biology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A 
The cell membrane is a mosaic of
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
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2
Q

A cell membrane can

A

Receive external signals

Give cellular responses

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3
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Nametag of cells that help show that a certain cell belong to the human body
Carbohydrates in the cell membrane such as the glycoprotein and glycolipids

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4
Q

Proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Receptors
Enzymes
Adhesion
Transport

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5
Q

Integra proteins have _ or more regions that are hydrophobic

A

1

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6
Q

Hydrophobic amino acids determine which parts of a protein is hydrophobic

A

True

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7
Q

Knowing the structure of the protein helps see where it inserts into the

A

Membrane

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8
Q

Ligosaccharide carbohydrates

A

Exterior of the plasma membrane
Bound to proteins or lipids
Help bind other things

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9
Q

Factors that affect fluidity of a membrane

A
  • phospholipid type
  • temperature
  • cholesterol
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10
Q

A membrane with _ fatty acids is more fluid

A

Unsaturated

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11
Q

Cold temperatures_ molecules

A

Compress

Making them more rigid

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fluidity buffer

-keeps membrane from getting too firm or too fluid

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13
Q

Cholesterol in high concentration makes a

A

Lipid raft

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14
Q

Plasma membrane is asymmetrical

A

Inner surface is different than outer surface

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15
Q

Interior proteins bind

A

Parts of the cytoskeleton to the membrane

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16
Q

Exterior proteins bind

A

Extracellular matrix

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17
Q

Glucoproteins

A

Bind to substances cells need to import

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18
Q

All cells keep an imbalance of Na and K ions between interior and exterior environment

A

More Na outside

More K inside

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19
Q

Factors that affect diffision

A
  • Concentration gradients
  • Mass of molecules
  • temperature
  • Solvent density
  • solubility
  • surface area
  • Distance
  • Pressure
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20
Q

Carrier proteins are

A

Specific to a substance

21
Q

Method in which carrier proteins work

A
  • bind
  • Change shape
  • Carry substance to the other side
22
Q

Many carrier proteins allow movement in

A

Either direction

23
Q

One example are

A

Glucose transport proteins

24
Q

Tonicity

A

How can extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis

25
Q

Osmolarity

A

Solute concentration of a solution

26
Q

Plaamolysis

A

Detachment of plasma memebrane

27
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Maintaining osmotic pressure

For example in plants to keep turgor pressure

28
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure you must put on a solvent to keep it from passing into a solution by osmosis

29
Q

Osmoregulation happens in organisms that are not plants

A
  • paramecia

- amoeba

30
Q

Paramecia and amoeba use contractile vacuoles so they don’t burst

A

Osmoregulation

31
Q

Saltwater animals are -with respect to their environment

A

Isotonic

32
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP

Moves against the concentration gradient

33
Q

Types of active transport

A

Primary active transport

Secondary active transport

34
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATP provides energy

35
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Electrochemical gradient provides energy

36
Q

How is your nervous system activated

A

Axons cause a Na to be pumped into the cell causing it to aquire a positive charge
To deactivate this K is pumped out of the cell
To regulate K and Na levels a sodium potassium pump helps

37
Q

Sodium potassium pumps pump

A

3 Na out

2 K in

38
Q

25 % of calories power

A

Na K ATP pumps

39
Q

3 types of pumps

A

Uniporter
Carries one substance
Symporter carries 2 molecules or ions in the same direction
Antiporter
Carries 2 molecules or ions in different directions

40
Q

Bulk Transport is used when

A

The amount of molecules is too big to be transported through carrier proteins

41
Q

Which characteristic promoted the utilization of lipids as the first cell memebrane

A

-self assembly into a simple memebrane

42
Q

The endosymbiont theory is supported by everything except the fact that

A

Mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes

43
Q

The junctions that allow heart to beat are

A

Gap junctions

44
Q

False about the Golgi apparatus

A

It decreases in size when a cell increases protein production

45
Q

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is

A

Chromatin

46
Q

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies (proteins) per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure is common within the cell

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

47
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

Prevent the cell from bursting

48
Q

Skin cells are fastened into sheets by

A

Anchoring junctions

49
Q

Animal cells have

A

Lysosomes and centrioles

Biology (15 decks)

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