Homework Quiz 8 Flashcards
Enhancers are
DNA sequences to which activator proteins bind
in thinking about the role in cell division proto-oncogenes are like the blank of a car while tumor suppressor genes are like the blank of a car
Gas pedal
brakes
Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false
RNA contains dextrose
one RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in it’s structure
RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil
RNA does not contain dextrose it contains ribose
Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to cancer by
Producing A protein that cannot inhibit cell division
The p53 gene makes
Tumor suppressor proteins
Combining DNA from two sources into one piece of DNA is
Recombinant DNA
Exons are spliced together in
Eukaryotic RNA
The following regulate protein production
Breakdown of mRNA
Protein breakdown
Protein activation
Does DNA replication regulate protein production
No
the directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of blank nucleotides in an RNA molecule
Three nucleotides make up a codon which codes for an amino acid
we would expect that a 15 nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon at the end (as part of the 15-nucleotide sequence) will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of
4 amino acids.
It consists of four amino acids because the last codon or the stop codon tells the ribosome to stop making protein
The last codon doesn’t make an amino acid
The relationship between DNA and histones is most like
Thread wrapped around the spool
The candy shell surrounding the chocolate and a piece of an m&m candy
An egg yolk inside of an egg
A spoon cradling peas
Thread wrapped around the school because the DNA strands wrap around the histones
which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component
DNA to RNA to protein
The expression of the tryptophan operon is controlled by
A repressor that is active when it binds to tryptophan.
The tryptophan operon stops making tryptophan when there is too much tryptophan present.
Which is likely to occur in the e coli cells that are grown in milk?
the trp repressor is activated and the cells will produce lactose utilizing enzymes
Lactose utilizing enzymes are only produced when there is lactose present.
Activators are
Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons
And help RNA polymerase bind to a promoter
In the genetic code
Many amino acids are specified by more than one codon aka the genetic code is degenerate
Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells
Transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells because prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is
Transcription
The lac operon in e coli
Prevents lactose utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is absent from the environment
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the production of a strand of RNA from DNA
RNA polymerase
A vaccine works by:
Stimulating the immune system
Inhibiting bacterial replication
Preventing the translation of mRNA
Inhibiting viral replication
Stimulating the immune system
Which mammal has not yet been cloned and brought through the complete gestation cycle
Human
Cat
Cow
Pig
Human
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false
DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil
DNA molecules have a sugar phosphate backbone
One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure
DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil
DNA contains thymine instead of uracil
Pyrimidines
Thymine cytosine and uracil
Purines
Adenine and guanine
Which of the following is a function of a TRNA molecule?
Joining two only one specific type of amino acid
Transferring nucleotides to rrna
Recognizing the appropriate anticodons and mRNA
Hoping to translate codons into nucleic acids
TRNA joins to only one specific type of amino acid
it does not transfer nucleotides nor does it recognize anticodons as TRNA has anticodons and it does not translate codons into nucleic acids as codons are not transfer slated into nucleic acids are translated into proteins
if you commit a crime you need to make sure that you do not leave the smallest speck of organic matter from your body if you do the DNA in this material can be amplified by blank subject to genetic analysis and used to identify you as the perpetrator
PCR
Restriction digest
Str analysis
PCR
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like
A twisted rope ladder
What do restriction enzymes do
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific points
The term gene expression refers to
How genetic information is used to make proteins
It is a process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins
In a prokaryote a group of genes with related functions along with their associated control sequences defines an
Operon
a normal muscle cell produces the myosin protein which allows muscles to contract you discover a single muscle cell that has trnas that do not bind two amino acids will the my scene Gene be expressed in this muscle so why or why not
No because if the trnas do not bind two amino acids then translation cannot occur
The cloning of Dolly the sheep
Demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential
Which of the following statements regarding the flow of genetic information is false
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic
Cells
polypeptides form proteins that determine the appearance and function of the cell and organism
Eukaryotic mRNA is processed in several ways before export out of the nucleus
Ribosomes function as factories that quoting the function of mRNA and TRNA
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
The tortoiseshell pattern on a cat comes from
X chromosome inactivation
Electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their
Size
Which of the following takes place during translation
the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins
The conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes
the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins
The conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides
The conversion of genetic information the language of nucleic acids language of proteins
When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein
The desired Gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation
The monomers of DNA and RNA are
Nucleotides
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a
Mutation
In DNA the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of
Thymine
In DNA the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
Cytosine
The polymerous chain reaction relies upon unusual heat-resistant blank that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs
DNA polymerases
Which statement about genomics is false
DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes
The first complete genome to be sequenced was a prokaryote
whole sets of genes and their interactions are studied in the field of genomics
Genes from different species that have analogous sequences suggest similar function
It is false that DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes as the human genome has been sequenced and animal cells are not prokaryotic they are eukaryotic
Which is not a factor that contributes to normal cells becoming cancerous
The production of more effective suppressor Gene products
What is proteomics
The study of a full set of proteins encoded by a genome
The lac operon of e coli is blank when the repressor is bound to blank
Active lactose
Mutations in the proto-oncogene ras and the tumor suppressor Gene p53
Disrupt normal regulation of the cell cycle
Which statement regarding skin cells and muscle cells in your body is true
skin cells and muscle cells each contain information about muscle proteins and skin color
Muscle cells contain information about muscle proteins but not about skin color
Muscle cells contain information about skin color but not about muscle proteins
Skin cells contain information about skin color but not about muscle proteins
Skin cells and muscle cells each contain information about both muscle proteins and skin color
Reading frame
Which nucleotide starts the first codon
For each segment of DNA there are blank many possible reading frames
6
64 codons code for
20 amino acids
P there are blank stop codons
UAA UAG UGA
The met codons starts DNA translation
Aug
A frameshift mutation is the change in
The reading frame
Regulatory gene
Controls when gene expression happens
Transcriptomics
Studying mRNA pools
Proteomics
Study of all Proteins
Looking at the jobs of proteins
Metabolomics
Studying all processes and products that proteins make
