Tort Law - Duty of care (general negligence) Flashcards
What is negligence? (1)
The breach of a legal duty to take care by the defendant resulting in damage or loss to the claimant.
What must you consider when establishing a loss in negligence? (1)
Loss or damage, duty, breach, causation, remoteness and defences.
What is loss / damage?
Loss or damage of a recognised kind sustained by the claimant.
What is duty? (1)
The existence of duty of care owed by the defendant to the claimant.
What is breach? (1)
The breach of duty by the defendant.
What is causation? (1)
Proof that the breach caused the damage, both in law and fact.
What is remoteness? (1)
Proof that the damage suffered was reasonably foreseeable ie. not too remote.
What are defences? (1)
The defendant may have one or more valid defences to the claim.
What are common types of loss? (5)
Physical / bodily injury, psychiatric harm, property damage, consequential economic loss and pure economic loss.
What should you consider when attempting to ascertain if a duty of care is owed? (1)
If there are any existing authorities which have already established a duty of care in the situation being considered.
What is the key case in relation to duty of care? (1)
Donoghue V Stevenson 1932.
What is the neighbour principle and who established it? (2)
Lord Atkin, he developed the principle that attempted to create a test which could be used by the courts when considering if a duty of care should be imposed using the concepts of foreseeability and proximity.
What is the key case in establishing duty of care with no clear precedent? (1)
Eatson V BBBC
What case set out a three stage approach for establishing a duty of care where there is no precedent? (1)
Caparo V Dickman
What should be considered when imposing a duty in a new area? (2)
The aim is to develop the law incrementally so you should consider the relationship between the claimant and the defendant (proximity) and whether imposing the duty would be fair, just and reasonable.