Topographic map

Question 1

type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods

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topographic map

Question 2

topographic maps are also called

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contour maps or topo maps

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Conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines

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topographic map

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curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude

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contour lines

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• contiguous points of same altitude

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isohypse

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used to show that a certain distance on the map represents the actual distance on the earth’s surface

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scale

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Represented using words (for example one inch = 400 miles) or using a graphic (a line graph)

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scale

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tells us what the map is all about, generally the biggest, darkest, and most noticeable text on your map

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title

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usually in one of the corners of the map and is often enclosed by a box

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legend

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explains the meaning of different sizes, shapes, and colors used in the map

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legend

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– used for defining and understanding the symbols found on the map

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legend

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things that stand for or represent real things on the earth’s surface

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symbols

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it can vary according to 2 categories: color and shape

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symbols

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shows which way is up on the map, nearly all maps are printed so that north is towards the top of the page

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compass

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sharp-pointed vees usually are in stream valleys, with the drainage channel passing through the point of the vee, with the vee pointing upstream

what rule

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Rule of Vs

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Consequence of erosion

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stream valleys

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closed loops are normally uphill on the inside and downhill on the outside, and the innermost loop is the highest area

what rule

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rule of Os

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If the roof instead represents a depression, some maps note this by short lines radiating from the inside of the loop called

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hachures

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close contours indicate a steep slope; distant contours a shallow slope

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spacing of contours

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Two or more contour lines merging indicates a _________

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cliff

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determine differences in elevation between two points, this must be known, and is given at the bottom of the map

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contour interval

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also present, and represent half the noted contour interval

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dashed contour lines

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gradient formula

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change in field value/distance

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diagrammatic representations of the surface of the earth

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maps

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indicates which way is north, south, east, or west

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compass rose

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estimate distances

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scale

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to understand symbols

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key or legend

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chart that shows the geographic distribution of the monthly or annual average values of climatic variables

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climate map

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show what natural resources are in a place and how people in that place earn money.

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economic or resource map

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is a type of map that represents political divisions, or human-created boundaries, of the world, continents and major geographic regions

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political map

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usually includes labels for features such as mountain ranges and bodies of water.

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physical map

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refers to the detailed description or representation of the natural and artificial features of an area

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topography

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shows the elevation field, meaning how high and low the ground is in relation to the sea level

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topographic map

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lines that connect points that are of the same elevation

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contour lines

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Show exact elevation, shape of the land, and the steepness of the land’s slope Never touch or cross

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contour lines

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compares distances on the map with distances of Earth

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map scale

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explains the symbols used on the map

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legend

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contour lines that are labeled to help you find the contour interval, these are dark-colored line that represent every fifth contour line to make it easier to read

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index contours

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difference in elevation between two contour lines that are side by side

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contour interval

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Not the distance between the two lines – to get the distance you need to use the map scale

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contour interval

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point where the exact elevation is known and is marked with a brass or aluminum plate

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benchmark

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Marked BM on the map with the elevation numbers given in feet Useful to help determine contour lines

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benchmark

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– do not cross one another, as you can’t have two different elevations at the same point ➢

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contour lines

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difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in a region

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relief

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states that closed loops are usually uphill o nthe inside and downhill on the outside, and the innermost loop is the highest area

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rule of O

Question 46

if the loop instead represent a depression, some mps note this by short lines radiating fro mthe inside of the loop

Answer 46

hachures

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such as the inside of a dead volcano, is represented by hachure lines

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depression

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regular contour lines with small segments sticking out from them

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hachure lines

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contour lines that form Vs that point upstream when they cross a stream

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rule of Vs

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represented by concentric series of closed contours

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hill

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indicated by hachure marks on the downhill side

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depression

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contour lines “V” upstream when crossing a stream while the point of the “V” points uphill

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rule of Vs

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water features, such as streams or lakes

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blue

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contour lines and residentia

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brown

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roads, building, railroads, other man-made objects

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black/grey

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forested areas *

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dark green

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vegetation, woodland

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Light green –

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highways

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red

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sparse or no vegetation

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white