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Environmental Biology and Ecology > Soil Analysis > Flashcards

Soil Analysis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

thin layer of material covering the earth’s surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks

A

soil

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2
Q

It is made up of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water, and living organisms.

A

soil

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3
Q

is the edaphic factor of the ecosystem which has physicochemical characteristics.

A

soil

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4
Q

characteristics describe the type of soil based on the particles present, profile, and moisture content

what characteristics

A

physical

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5
Q

components consist of the nutrients and trace elements measured.

what characteristic of the soil

A

chemical

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6
Q

also influences drainage characteristics which affect the transport of the elements.

A

soil texture

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7
Q

soil is composed of what percent of minerals

A

45%

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8
Q

soil is composed of what percent of air and water

A

25 percent

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9
Q

soil is composed of what percent of organic matter

A

5%

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10
Q

edaphic factor of the ecosystem which has physico-chemical characteristics

A

soil

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11
Q

hen water saturates the soil and drains, it is known as

A

gravitational water

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12
Q

. Water that is left in the soil pores is the one used by plants

A

capillary water

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13
Q

The water that is present in the molecules of water which can be removed only by oven drying is known as

A

hygroscopic water

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14
Q

Soil has three main size particles consisting of

A

soil
silt
sand

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15
Q

are less than 0.002 to 0.002 mm in size,

A

clay

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16
Q

ranges from 0.002 to 0.02 mm in size

A

silt

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17
Q

particles from 0.02 to 2mm.

A

sand

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18
Q

topsoil

A

a horizon

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19
Q

referring to the organic material consisting of litter, humus, and other decomposing material

A

o horizon

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20
Q

hich is the main site for leaching organic materials

A

e horizon

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21
Q

which is the accumulation area

A

b horizon

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22
Q

also known as the subsoil where clay, soluble salts, and leached humus are stored.

A

b horizon

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23
Q

is composed of disintegrated rocks and other particles from the parent material

A

c horizon

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24
Q

are composed of huge rock which is the foundation.

A

r horizon

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25
Q

The three major elements composing the soil are

A

nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium

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26
Q

Itis the thin layer of material covering the
earth’s surface.

A

soil

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27
Q

Formed from the weathering of rocks

A

soil

28
Q

It is the process of soil, mineral, and
rock decomposition through direct
contact with the atmosphere

A

weathering

29
Q

is composed of minerals, organic
material, gases, living organisms, and
water that support plant growth.

A

soil

30
Q

factors affecting soil

A

parent material
climate
biotic factors
topography
time

31
Q

minerals forming the basis of soil

A

parent material

32
Q

influencing soil formation

A

living organism

33
Q

affecting the rate of weathering and organic decomposition

A

climate

34
Q

grade of slope affecting drainage, erosion, and deposition

A

topography

35
Q

influencing soil properties

A

time

36
Q

Moisture content
Soil Particles
Soil Texture
Soil Temperature
Soil Profile

what kind of properties

A

physical

37
Q

Soil pH
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Soil organic matter

what kind of properties

A

chemical

38
Q

is the water that is held in the spaces
between soil particles

A

soil moisture

39
Q

is the water that is in the upper
10 cm of soil.

A

surface soil moisture

40
Q

e is the water that is available
to plants, which is generally considered to be in the
upper 200 cm of soi

A

root zone soil moisture

41
Q

e is the proportion of the three sizes of soil
particles that are present and the fineness or
coarseness of soil

A

soil texture

42
Q

is a chart that
shows the soil texture class based
on the percentage of sand, silt, and
clay

A

soil triangle

43
Q

study soil structure

A

+1

44
Q

e can be observed through the direct
observation of the layers or horizons of the soil.

A

soil profile

45
Q

rganic materials consisting of
litter, humus, and other decomposing
materials

A

o horizon

46
Q

the humus layer

A

a horizon

47
Q

serves as the main site for
leaching organic materials

A

e horizon

48
Q

the layer present just below the
topsoil and above the bedrock

A

b horizon

49
Q

composed of the disintegrated
rocks and other particles from the parent
materials

A

c horizon

50
Q

lies just below the
subsoil consisting of stones and broken rocks

A

r horizon (bedrock)

51
Q

is the product of on-site
biological decomposition that affects the chemical
and physical properties of the soil and its overall
health

A

soil organic matter

52
Q

is a measure of how acidic or basic soils are.
pH levels range from 0 to 14

A

pH

53
Q

The optimal pH range
for most plants is between

A

5.5 and 7.0

54
Q

provides the nutrition
needed for optimal plant growth.
Plants could not survive without
one of these essential nutrients.

A

NPK

55
Q

what does NPK mean

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

56
Q

acts in the greens in plants

A

nitrogen

57
Q

reaches down to the roots and help produce blooms

A

phosphorus

58
Q

promotes all around wellbeing

A

potassium

59
Q

moisture content computation

A

initial weight-dry weight/initial soil weight x 100

60
Q

read soil texture procedure

A

+1

61
Q

organic matter percent computation

A

initial weight - dry weight / initial soil weight x 100

62
Q

what indicator is first used in soil pH

A

CPR

63
Q

read soil pH procedure

A

+1

64
Q

If soil pH is equal to or greater than 6, repeat steps 1-5
using ___ instead of CPR

A

BTB

65
Q

If soil pH is less than or equal to 5 repeat steps 1-5
using ____ instead of CPR

A

BCG

Environmental Biology and Ecology (15 decks)

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