Energy Flashcards
considered as one of the most important resources on earth
energy
consist of hydrogen and helium gases which produces tremendous amount of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
sun
inexhaustible or may be replaced
renewable energy
would last only for a period of time
nonrenewable energy
defined as the capacity to do work
energy
energy which is being stored or at rest and available for use
potential energy
energy in motion or working energy
kineti cenergy
– study of energy transformations
thermodynamics
states that energy is neither created nor being destroyed but is converted from one form to another
law of conservation of energy
states that when being transformed is converted to low -quality energy in a form of heat
law of entrophy
When energy is changed from one form to another, a more useful is converted to a less useful form
law of entrophy
about 80 percent of the world’s energy sources comes from extraction and burning of minerals during this times
industrialization
were formed hundred of million years ago from remains of plants and animals
fossil fuel
– consuming fossil fuels that its production and such sources
nonrenewable energy
energy sources which are continuously present and can be replenished
renewable energy sources
renewable energy include
➢Solar
➢Geothermal
➢Wind
➢Moving water
➢Biomass
are all forms of fuels used in the modern world, either for heating, generation of electrical energy, or for other forms of energy conversion
energy resources
Unlimited (non-exhaustible)
renewable
Limited (exhaustible)
nonrenewable
Readily available in nature
renewable
Not readily available in nature
nonrenewable
Lower total cost
renewable
higher total cost
non-renewable
Less (low carbon emission and footprints)
renewable
Adverse (high carbon emission and footprints)
nonrenewable
non-renewable sources which comes from remains of organisms, compressed in oxygen free environmen
fossil fuel
Are being formed million years ago as product of photosynthesis with the aid of
solar energy
fossil fuel
Formation of this is slower than it is being used
fossil fuel
Being formed after dead plants are being decomposed by bacteria and fungi
fossil fuel
Include petroleum, natural gas, and coal
fossil fuel
is considered as the largest source of commercial energy in the world
petroleum or crude oil
Known as light oil which comes from the ground as black colored liquid which consists of hundred of different combustible hydrocarbons along with small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities
petroleum
deposited within the earth’s crust or under the sea floor
crude oil
In order to extract this, developers tend to drill wells in the deposit and is drawn out of rock pores, flows into the bottom of the well and is pumped into the surface
crude oil
process done to oil that was done to be heated
refining
product of crude oil distillation such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and furnace oils
petrochemicals
it has been projected by geologist that crude oil will be depleted sometime this year
2050
Three active petroleum producing fields in Malampaya (gas and condensate), and Galoc (oil) off shore north-west Palawan and Alegria (oil) onshore Cebu
crude oil
Malampaya produces what petroleum
gas and condensate
Galoc petroleum produces
oil
palawan and alegria petroleum plant produces what
oil
Problem is with regards to its transportation, usually oil is being transported throughout the globe through supertankers and sometimes results to leaks and spills
crude oil
result to water pollution just like what happened in Guimaras which resulted to death of phytoplankton, corals, and fishes
oil spill
Can contaminate the soil and underground water
oil spill
evaporation of oil products and incomplete combustion of oil fuels results to this
air pollution
hard black mineral consisting of large percentage of carbon, small amounts of sulfur which upon combustion is being released as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere
coal
Burned in power plants to generate electricity
coal
Extracted either through surface mining or underground mining
coal
There are currently ___ coal-fired power plants currently operating throughout the Philippines, with total installed capacity of 9.88 gigawatts
28
naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes
natural gas
Commonly extracted by drilling vertically from the Earth’s surface
natural gas
Deposits are found on land, and some are offshore and deep under the ocean floor
natural gas
Five plants in the country, three have been for almost 20 years – First Gen’s Santa Rita and San Lorenzo plants, and the Ilijan plant (located in Batangas)
natural gas
like coal and oil forms from fossil remains
natural gas
mixture of gases of which 50-90% is ____ and contains small amount of hyrodrocarbons such as propane and butan
methane
lies above most reservoirs of crude oil in the earth’s crust or in the deep sea. The extraction process to yield natural gas is similar to oil
natural gas
propane and butane are liquefied and removed
liquefied petroleum gas
when burned, produces CO2 and water
compared to oil, produces less CO2
natural gas
Accidents which may result to explosion or fire when being transported by ships or tankers is one of the common problem.
natural gas
is one of the greenhouse gases which in high levels results to global warming
carbon dioxide
hard-black mineral consisting mainly of carbon, comes from remains of plants and animals that were buried million years ago
coal
➢burned in power plants to generate about 40% of the world’s electricity.
➢world’s most abundant fossil fuel
➢can be extracted through surface mining or underground mining
coal
➢consist of large percentage of carbon, small amounts of sulfur which upon combustion is being released as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere.
➢Burning of this releases particulates or soot
➢Burning this are major emitters of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2)
coal
Burning this also emits trace amount of toxic and indestructible mercury and radioactive materials in the air which contributes to acid rain and human health diseases.
coal
method of extracting coal results to several environmental problems such air, water, noise and land pollution
mining
released into the air and can cause health problems not only to the miners but also to other people when being inhaled
coal dust
results from accumulation of fine coal-dust particles in the lungs that many miners suffer from
respiratory diases/black lung diseases
burning of coal result to this due to sulfur dioxide since coal as fossil fuel contains sulfur.
acid rain
Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that are being released into the air contributes to global warming with the burning of what
oil
energy from this is an inexhaustible source of energy, Only 66% of its total emission is capable of reaching the earth’s surface, while the remaining 34% is being dissipated to space
solar energy
Radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range oftechnologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy, and solar architecture
solar energy
Power plants located in Calatagan Batangas, Citicore power in Cebu, and San Carlos Sun Power plant in Negros Occidental
solar energy
termed as solar cells, are made up of thin silicon with trace amount of metals that allows them to act as semiconductors to generate electricity
photovoltaic cells
When sunlight strikes the solar cells, electrons will be emitted and many cells that are wired together in a panel can produce electrical power. The cells can be connected to electrical grid systems or batteries that store the electrical energy until its usage. Solar cells produce no pollution or greenhouse gases when being used. However, solar panels are quite expensive.
solar energy
produced by uneven heating of earth’s surface and earth’s rotation
wind
Radiant energy from the sun is converted to mechanical energy which is the
movement of air molecules
wind
tend to capture the wind on land and at sea and convert into electrical energy. Since wind varies, so is the amount of electricity that is generated by each wind turbine
wind turbines
are installed on rural areas with continual wind scuh as coastal areas, islands, mountain passes or grasslands.
wind turbines
produce very low environmental impact, no emissions of waste and is a clean source of energy. It produces no emissions of carbondioxide (CO2), ,sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2). It has low electricity cost and moderate capital cost
wind energy
can kill birds and bats , interfere with flights of migratory birds, and require large areas with steady winds.
wind energy
Mostly the use of wind turibines which tend to capture the wind on land and at sea and convert into electrical energy
wind energy
Since wind varies, so is the amount of electricity that is generated by each wind turbine
wind energy
Located in Burgos wind farm at Ilocos Norte and Philippine
Windfarm at Puerto Galera
Mindoro at Pililia Rizal
wind energy
is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity
nuclear energy
Power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion reactions
nuclear energy
Vast majority of electricity is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants
nuclear energy
used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes
nuclear decay process
non-operational nuclear powerplant on the Bataan Peninsula
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Problem are accidents at nuclear facilities, terrorist use of neuclear materials, safety concern among worker and public exposure to ratdiation and nuclear waste disposal
nuclear energy
The nuclear power plant explode and it took 10 days to control the burning reactor. Several people were affected with radiation related diseases such as thyroid cancer and abnormalities among developing babies
chernobyl nuclear accident
uses kinetic energy of flowing and falling water to produce electricity. The most common approach in utilizing hydropower is to build high dam across a large river or reservoir. The potential energy of held back by the dam is converted to kinetic energy as the water falls down as penstock where it turns turbines that generate electricity
hydropower
energy from farms in the Philippines include Ambuklao in Benguet, Angat in Bulacan, Pantabangan
hydropower
building this can cause flooding of large areas of land and destroy organisms such as plants and animals.
dam
may also disrupt the the migration of spawning fishes
➢
waterborned disease may also result from construction of dams
dam
consist of plant materials and animal waste that can be burned directly as a solid fuel or converted into gaseous or liquid biofuels
biomass
may come from plant materials such as sawdust, wood chips or firewood, charchoal and animal waste such as dung
biomass
usually composed of mixture of gases (mostly methane) which is stored
and transported like a natural
gas.
biogas
Power stations in the Philippines include the Clean Green Energy corporation in Bataan, Green Power in Bukidnon, Asea One Power in Panay, Aseagas corporation in Lian Batangas
biogas
solid remains from a biogas digested may also be used as this
fertilizer
is made from plant and animal oils which can be used as an alternative fuel for vehicles
biodesel
more clean upon combustion as compared to an ordinary diesel
biodesel
reduce burning of fossil fuels that emit huge amount of carbondioxide in the atmosphere
biomass
requires land, water and energy
biomass
which comes from cornstalks, wheat stalks and wood waste from paper mlls and saw mills may turned into waste materials which will eventually decompose.
crop residues
Whenever natural ecosystems are transformed into single-species energy plantatios, biodiversity is being reduced making
exosystems more susceptible to disease or pest attacked
loss of biodiversity
The natural heat within the Earth’s core where continental plates slide over one another and from the decay of radioactive elements is the primary source of this energy
geothermal energy
The heat comes from the Earth’s core and from the decay of radioactive elements
geotehrmal energy
➢Countries which are located around the Pacific plate or “Ring of Fire” shave high geothermal source.
➢is tapped by drilling wellls to obtain the steam which is then used to power electrical generators.
geothermal energy
➢
As compared to combustion of fossil fuels as source of electricity, it emits small fraction of air pollutants
➢
➢
the minerals in the steam also corrode pipes and equipment and is toxic to fishes
geothermal energy
has a rotten egg smell and is a source of air pollution
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
plant stations in Tiwi Geothermal pant in Albay, Makiling Banahaw Geothermal plant in Laguna,
Mindanao Geothermal in Mt.
Apo Kidapawan Cotabato
geothermal energy
refers to the daily rise and fall of the ocean levels are produced from gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.
tides
In coastal areas within high tides contains enormous amounts of potential energy as compared to low tide
➢
Since 11th century, Englishmen use tides to turn waterwheels producing mechanical power.
tides
The energy is usually being captured with a dam across a bay or a turbine and is converted to electricity. Despite that tidal energy is considered renewable source of energy, tidal power is expensive. Dams needed to generate electricity may have negative impacts on aquatic organisms.
tides
power produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides, the energy is usually being captured with a dam across a bay or a turbine and is converted to electricity
tidal energy
The first ocean tidal power plant will set up in the San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon and Northern Samar where the Pacific enters the sea surrounding Visayan Island
tidal energy
is not a method of producing energy but rather reducing the need of additional energy and saving money
energy conservation
There are techniques and technologies at present which can reduce energy consumption. More efficient and less energy-intensive industry , automobiles, buildings and household practices can help in reducing energy consumption
energy conservation
Improved automobile efficiency, better mass transit and increased railroads are means of transport energy conservation. In industry and household, the use of compact fluorescents (CFLs) bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs as source of lightings conserves energy. CFL’s utilize four times less energy and last eight times longer than incandescent light bulbs. The compact fluorescent will be more expensive to buy it will use less electricity.
energy conservation
set national efficiency standards for appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines and clothes dryers to save energy and money. In many countries, efficiency
rating labels are mandatory on most
appliances.
national applicance energy conservation act (NAECA)
The use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biofuel can reduce energy and cost , utilization , pollution and greenhouses gases as compared with non-renewable sources.
NAECA
act promoting the development, utilization, and commercialization of renwable energy resources for other purposes
renewable nergy act of 2008 (RA9513)
➢
Reduce the country’s dependence on use of fossil fuels and to promote balance between economic growth and healthy environment
➢
Helps to address problems such as energy security and climate change
RA 9513
