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Environmental Biology and Ecology > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

considered as one of the most important resources on earth

A

energy

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2
Q

consist of hydrogen and helium gases which produces tremendous amount of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

A

sun

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3
Q

inexhaustible or may be replaced

A

renewable energy

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4
Q

would last only for a period of time

A

nonrenewable energy

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5
Q

defined as the capacity to do work

A

energy

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6
Q

energy which is being stored or at rest and available for use

A

potential energy

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7
Q

energy in motion or working energy

A

kineti cenergy

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8
Q

– study of energy transformations

A

thermodynamics

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9
Q

states that energy is neither created nor being destroyed but is converted from one form to another

A

law of conservation of energy

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10
Q

states that when being transformed is converted to low -quality energy in a form of heat

A

law of entrophy

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11
Q

When energy is changed from one form to another, a more useful is converted to a less useful form

A

law of entrophy

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12
Q

about 80 percent of the world’s energy sources comes from extraction and burning of minerals during this times

A

industrialization

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13
Q

were formed hundred of million years ago from remains of plants and animals

A

fossil fuel

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14
Q

– consuming fossil fuels that its production and such sources

A

nonrenewable energy

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15
Q

energy sources which are continuously present and can be replenished

A

renewable energy sources

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16
Q

renewable energy include

A

➢Solar
➢Geothermal
➢Wind
➢Moving water
➢Biomass

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17
Q

are all forms of fuels used in the modern world, either for heating, generation of electrical energy, or for other forms of energy conversion

A

energy resources

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18
Q

Unlimited (non-exhaustible)

A

renewable

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19
Q

Limited (exhaustible)

A

nonrenewable

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20
Q

Readily available in nature

A

renewable

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21
Q

Not readily available in nature

A

nonrenewable

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22
Q

Lower total cost

A

renewable

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23
Q

higher total cost

A

non-renewable

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24
Q

Less (low carbon emission and footprints)

A

renewable

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25
Q

Adverse (high carbon emission and footprints)

A

nonrenewable

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26
Q

non-renewable sources which comes from remains of organisms, compressed in oxygen free environmen

A

fossil fuel

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27
Q

Are being formed million years ago as product of photosynthesis with the aid of
solar energy

A

fossil fuel

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28
Q

Formation of this is slower than it is being used

A

fossil fuel

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29
Q

Being formed after dead plants are being decomposed by bacteria and fungi

A

fossil fuel

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30
Q

Include petroleum, natural gas, and coal

A

fossil fuel

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31
Q

is considered as the largest source of commercial energy in the world

A

petroleum or crude oil

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32
Q

Known as light oil which comes from the ground as black colored liquid which consists of hundred of different combustible hydrocarbons along with small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities

A

petroleum

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33
Q

deposited within the earth’s crust or under the sea floor

A

crude oil

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34
Q

In order to extract this, developers tend to drill wells in the deposit and is drawn out of rock pores, flows into the bottom of the well and is pumped into the surface

A

crude oil

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35
Q

process done to oil that was done to be heated

A

refining

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36
Q

product of crude oil distillation such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and furnace oils

A

petrochemicals

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37
Q

it has been projected by geologist that crude oil will be depleted sometime this year

A

2050

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38
Q

Three active petroleum producing fields in Malampaya (gas and condensate), and Galoc (oil) off shore north-west Palawan and Alegria (oil) onshore Cebu

A

crude oil

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39
Q

Malampaya produces what petroleum

A

gas and condensate

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40
Q

Galoc petroleum produces

A

oil

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41
Q

palawan and alegria petroleum plant produces what

A

oil

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42
Q

Problem is with regards to its transportation, usually oil is being transported throughout the globe through supertankers and sometimes results to leaks and spills

A

crude oil

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43
Q

result to water pollution just like what happened in Guimaras which resulted to death of phytoplankton, corals, and fishes

A

oil spill

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44
Q

Can contaminate the soil and underground water

A

oil spill

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45
Q

evaporation of oil products and incomplete combustion of oil fuels results to this

A

air pollution

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46
Q

hard black mineral consisting of large percentage of carbon, small amounts of sulfur which upon combustion is being released as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere

A

coal

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47
Q

Burned in power plants to generate electricity

A

coal

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48
Q

Extracted either through surface mining or underground mining

A

coal

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49
Q

There are currently ___ coal-fired power plants currently operating throughout the Philippines, with total installed capacity of 9.88 gigawatts

A

28

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50
Q

naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes

A

natural gas

51
Q

Commonly extracted by drilling vertically from the Earth’s surface

A

natural gas

52
Q

Deposits are found on land, and some are offshore and deep under the ocean floor

A

natural gas

53
Q

Five plants in the country, three have been for almost 20 years – First Gen’s Santa Rita and San Lorenzo plants, and the Ilijan plant (located in Batangas)

A

natural gas

54
Q

like coal and oil forms from fossil remains

A

natural gas

55
Q

mixture of gases of which 50-90% is ____ and contains small amount of hyrodrocarbons such as propane and butan

A

methane

56
Q

lies above most reservoirs of crude oil in the earth’s crust or in the deep sea. The extraction process to yield natural gas is similar to oil

A

natural gas

57
Q

propane and butane are liquefied and removed

A

liquefied petroleum gas

58
Q

when burned, produces CO2 and water

compared to oil, produces less CO2

A

natural gas

59
Q

Accidents which may result to explosion or fire when being transported by ships or tankers is one of the common problem.

A

natural gas

60
Q

is one of the greenhouse gases which in high levels results to global warming

A

carbon dioxide

61
Q

hard-black mineral consisting mainly of carbon, comes from remains of plants and animals that were buried million years ago

A

coal

62
Q

➢burned in power plants to generate about 40% of the world’s electricity.
➢world’s most abundant fossil fuel
➢can be extracted through surface mining or underground mining

A

coal

63
Q

➢consist of large percentage of carbon, small amounts of sulfur which upon combustion is being released as sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere.
➢Burning of this releases particulates or soot
➢Burning this are major emitters of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

coal

64
Q

Burning this also emits trace amount of toxic and indestructible mercury and radioactive materials in the air which contributes to acid rain and human health diseases.

A

coal

65
Q

method of extracting coal results to several environmental problems such air, water, noise and land pollution

A

mining

66
Q

released into the air and can cause health problems not only to the miners but also to other people when being inhaled

A

coal dust

67
Q

results from accumulation of fine coal-dust particles in the lungs that many miners suffer from

A

respiratory diases/black lung diseases

68
Q

burning of coal result to this due to sulfur dioxide since coal as fossil fuel contains sulfur.

A

acid rain

69
Q

Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that are being released into the air contributes to global warming with the burning of what

A

oil

70
Q

energy from this is an inexhaustible source of energy, Only 66% of its total emission is capable of reaching the earth’s surface, while the remaining 34% is being dissipated to space

A

solar energy

71
Q

Radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range oftechnologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy, and solar architecture

A

solar energy

72
Q

Power plants located in Calatagan Batangas, Citicore power in Cebu, and San Carlos Sun Power plant in Negros Occidental

A

solar energy

73
Q

termed as solar cells, are made up of thin silicon with trace amount of metals that allows them to act as semiconductors to generate electricity

A

photovoltaic cells

74
Q

When sunlight strikes the solar cells, electrons will be emitted and many cells that are wired together in a panel can produce electrical power. The cells can be connected to electrical grid systems or batteries that store the electrical energy until its usage. Solar cells produce no pollution or greenhouse gases when being used. However, solar panels are quite expensive.

A

solar energy

75
Q

produced by uneven heating of earth’s surface and earth’s rotation

A

wind

76
Q

Radiant energy from the sun is converted to mechanical energy which is the
movement of air molecules

A

wind

77
Q

tend to capture the wind on land and at sea and convert into electrical energy. Since wind varies, so is the amount of electricity that is generated by each wind turbine

A

wind turbines

78
Q

are installed on rural areas with continual wind scuh as coastal areas, islands, mountain passes or grasslands.

A

wind turbines

79
Q

produce very low environmental impact, no emissions of waste and is a clean source of energy. It produces no emissions of carbondioxide (CO2), ,sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2). It has low electricity cost and moderate capital cost

A

wind energy

80
Q

can kill birds and bats , interfere with flights of migratory birds, and require large areas with steady winds.

A

wind energy

81
Q

Mostly the use of wind turibines which tend to capture the wind on land and at sea and convert into electrical energy

A

wind energy

82
Q

Since wind varies, so is the amount of electricity that is generated by each wind turbine

A

wind energy

83
Q

Located in Burgos wind farm at Ilocos Norte and Philippine
Windfarm at Puerto Galera
Mindoro at Pililia Rizal

A

wind energy

84
Q

is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity

A

nuclear energy

85
Q

Power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion reactions

A

nuclear energy

86
Q

Vast majority of electricity is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants

A

nuclear energy

87
Q

used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes

A

nuclear decay process

88
Q

non-operational nuclear powerplant on the Bataan Peninsula

A

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant

89
Q

Problem are accidents at nuclear facilities, terrorist use of neuclear materials, safety concern among worker and public exposure to ratdiation and nuclear waste disposal

A

nuclear energy

90
Q

The nuclear power plant explode and it took 10 days to control the burning reactor. Several people were affected with radiation related diseases such as thyroid cancer and abnormalities among developing babies

A

chernobyl nuclear accident

91
Q

uses kinetic energy of flowing and falling water to produce electricity. The most common approach in utilizing hydropower is to build high dam across a large river or reservoir. The potential energy of held back by the dam is converted to kinetic energy as the water falls down as penstock where it turns turbines that generate electricity

A

hydropower

92
Q

energy from farms in the Philippines include Ambuklao in Benguet, Angat in Bulacan, Pantabangan

A

hydropower

93
Q

building this can cause flooding of large areas of land and destroy organisms such as plants and animals.

A

dam

94
Q

may also disrupt the the migration of spawning fishes
➢
waterborned disease may also result from construction of dams

A

dam

95
Q

consist of plant materials and animal waste that can be burned directly as a solid fuel or converted into gaseous or liquid biofuels

A

biomass

96
Q

may come from plant materials such as sawdust, wood chips or firewood, charchoal and animal waste such as dung

A

biomass

97
Q

usually composed of mixture of gases (mostly methane) which is stored
and transported like a natural
gas.

A

biogas

98
Q

Power stations in the Philippines include the Clean Green Energy corporation in Bataan, Green Power in Bukidnon, Asea One Power in Panay, Aseagas corporation in Lian Batangas

A

biogas

99
Q

solid remains from a biogas digested may also be used as this

A

fertilizer

100
Q

is made from plant and animal oils which can be used as an alternative fuel for vehicles

A

biodesel

101
Q

more clean upon combustion as compared to an ordinary diesel

A

biodesel

102
Q

reduce burning of fossil fuels that emit huge amount of carbondioxide in the atmosphere

A

biomass

103
Q

requires land, water and energy

A

biomass

104
Q

which comes from cornstalks, wheat stalks and wood waste from paper mlls and saw mills may turned into waste materials which will eventually decompose.

A

crop residues

105
Q

Whenever natural ecosystems are transformed into single-species energy plantatios, biodiversity is being reduced making
exosystems more susceptible to disease or pest attacked

A

loss of biodiversity

106
Q

The natural heat within the Earth’s core where continental plates slide over one another and from the decay of radioactive elements is the primary source of this energy

A

geothermal energy

107
Q

The heat comes from the Earth’s core and from the decay of radioactive elements

A

geotehrmal energy

108
Q

➢Countries which are located around the Pacific plate or “Ring of Fire” shave high geothermal source.
➢is tapped by drilling wellls to obtain the steam which is then used to power electrical generators.

A

geothermal energy

109
Q

➢
As compared to combustion of fossil fuels as source of electricity, it emits small fraction of air pollutants
➢

➢
the minerals in the steam also corrode pipes and equipment and is toxic to fishes

A

geothermal energy

110
Q

has a rotten egg smell and is a source of air pollution

A

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

111
Q

plant stations in Tiwi Geothermal pant in Albay, Makiling Banahaw Geothermal plant in Laguna,
Mindanao Geothermal in Mt.
Apo Kidapawan Cotabato

A

geothermal energy

112
Q

refers to the daily rise and fall of the ocean levels are produced from gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.

A

tides

113
Q

In coastal areas within high tides contains enormous amounts of potential energy as compared to low tide
➢
Since 11th century, Englishmen use tides to turn waterwheels producing mechanical power.

A

tides

114
Q

The energy is usually being captured with a dam across a bay or a turbine and is converted to electricity. Despite that tidal energy is considered renewable source of energy, tidal power is expensive. Dams needed to generate electricity may have negative impacts on aquatic organisms.

A

tides

115
Q

power produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides, the energy is usually being captured with a dam across a bay or a turbine and is converted to electricity

A

tidal energy

116
Q

The first ocean tidal power plant will set up in the San Bernardino Strait between Sorsogon and Northern Samar where the Pacific enters the sea surrounding Visayan Island

A

tidal energy

117
Q

is not a method of producing energy but rather reducing the need of additional energy and saving money

A

energy conservation

118
Q

There are techniques and technologies at present which can reduce energy consumption. More efficient and less energy-intensive industry , automobiles, buildings and household practices can help in reducing energy consumption

A

energy conservation

119
Q

Improved automobile efficiency, better mass transit and increased railroads are means of transport energy conservation. In industry and household, the use of compact fluorescents (CFLs) bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs as source of lightings conserves energy. CFL’s utilize four times less energy and last eight times longer than incandescent light bulbs. The compact fluorescent will be more expensive to buy it will use less electricity.

A

energy conservation

120
Q

set national efficiency standards for appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines and clothes dryers to save energy and money. In many countries, efficiency
rating labels are mandatory on most
appliances.

A

national applicance energy conservation act (NAECA)

121
Q

The use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biofuel can reduce energy and cost , utilization , pollution and greenhouses gases as compared with non-renewable sources.

A

NAECA

122
Q

act promoting the development, utilization, and commercialization of renwable energy resources for other purposes

A

renewable nergy act of 2008 (RA9513)

123
Q

➢
Reduce the country’s dependence on use of fossil fuels and to promote balance between economic growth and healthy environment
➢
Helps to address problems such as energy security and climate change

A

RA 9513

Environmental Biology and Ecology (15 decks)

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