Adaptation and Evolution Flashcards
a given species is what kind of descendent of some other species
genealogical
body parts that serve a function in some animals, but not in related animals
vestigial structure
Examples include horse’s splint bones, appendix in humans, whale’s hips
vestigial structures
theorized on catastrophism which states that former living animals may have wiped out by natural catastrophe resulting to mass extinction and eventual repopulation of surviving species
George Cuvier
- theorized that changes in the structures of organisms were driven by environment changes that occured during life history on earth
George Louis Buffon
proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics and theory of use and disuse
Jean Baptiste de Lemarck
states how new traits were acquired in response to a need imposed by the environment
theory of inheritance
explains that various organs are greatly improved through use or can be reduced through disused
theory of use and disuse
concluded that organisms are products of evolution, that over successive generations, by means of gradual changes from pre-existing organism, new species may
be formed
Charles Darwin
Two major contributions include the term evolution and concept of natural selection
Charles Darwin
organisms originate from one common ancestor, the genealogies of modern species as well as those which are extinct can be traced backward until the ancestral lineage may be identified
what mechanism
comon descent
Species vary in physical feature and such variations can be passed over generations, Genes are responsible for the appearance of organisms and variations result from mutation
what mechanism
variations
Genes are responsible for the appearance of organisms and variations result from mutation
what mechanism
struggle for existence
Genes are responsible for the appearance of organisms and variations result from mutation
what mechanism
adaptation
Categories of classification (smallest to biggest)
➢Species
➢Genus
➢Family
➢Order
➢Class
➢Phylum
➢Kingdom
recently been added to the categories of classification
domain
are responsible for the appearance of organisms and variations result from mutation
genes
any structural, chromosomal, or molecular feature that distinguishes one group from another.
character
is the study of the diversity of organisms using information from cellular to
population levels
systematics
___ reflects phylogeny; one of the goal of systematics is to create phylogenetic trees
classification
is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
phylogeny
indicates common ancestors and lines of descent or lineages.
phylogenetic trees
is a trait that is present in a common ancestor and all members of a group.
primitive character
is present only in a specific line of descent.
derived character