Forest Vegetation Analysis

Question 1

the Philippines is one of these countries in the world wherein we are enriched in all biodiversity levels in terms of genetic, species, and ecosystem levels

Answer 1

megadiverse

Question 2

Two ways to assess the biodiversity of the ecosystem:

Answer 2

plotless
plot

Question 3

for a forest, this plotless method is the most appropriate sampling method to be used

Answer 3

point center quarter method (pcqm)

Question 4

often related to the size and shape of the plots used and this method is considered time-consuming

Answer 4

quadrat sampling

Question 5

relies upon random distribution of the organisms in the area to be sampled

Answer 5

pcqm

Question 6

Uniform or clumped distributions will yield erroneous results

Answer 6

pcqm

Question 7

This method is one of the most favored for sampling in several habitats including forest ecosystems

Answer 7

pcqm

Question 8

In this method, a number of randomly determined points are selected in the area to be sampled. These may be taken using a random number chart and distance along a transect tape, as random numbers corresponding to grid positions in the area, or as
random numbers used to select previously arbitrarily determined points in the area. Each point will represent the center of the measurement area. From the center, a compass will be used to define four quadrants. In each of these quadrants, you will determine, and measure the distance to, the closest plant from the center point. The center of the stem, or clump of the stem, should be used. Be sure to measure all relatively close plants to make sure you have the single closest individual.

Answer 8

pcqm

Question 9

study the quadrant numbering

Answer 9

+1

Question 10

is the standard for measuring trees

Answer 10

diameter at breast height

Question 11

Refers to the three diameter measured at 4.5 feet above the ground

Answer 11

DBH

Question 12

DBH can be measured by

Answer 12

calibrated diameter tape

Question 13

displays the diameter measurement when wrapped around the circumference of a tree

Answer 13

d-tape

Question 14

Can also use a string, measuring tape, thumb tack, and a calculator

Answer 14

DBH

Question 15

Will be used to estimate the area covered by the plant

Answer 15

DBH

Question 16

formula for getting DBH from circumference

Answer 16

d = 𝜋/C

Question 17

procedure of measuring DBH

Answer 17

1.With a measuring tape, measure 4.5 feet up the trunk of the tree from the ground. Use a thumb tack to mark the height of the tree
2.measure the circumference of the tree trunk at 4.5 feet
3.convert the circumference measurement to diameter by dividing the circumference by π (3.14)

Question 18

number of tress per unit area (hectare)

Answer 18

absolute density of trees

Question 19

expressed as a number of trees per hectare, where a hectare is 10,000 sqm

Answer 19

absolute density

Question 20

to get this, a mean distance between trees in the region should be computed:

Answer 20

absolute density

Question 21

mean distance between trees formula

Answer 21

x = total distance of trees / total number of quarters

Question 22

compute the mean distance of trees if there are 40.9m total distances of trees, and 20 trees

Answer 22

20.5m far apart

Question 23

absolute density formula

Answer 23

= (10,000m^2)/ha / (xm^2)/tree

Question 24

get the absolute density with the ff info:

2.05m^2 mean distance

Answer 24

2,380 trees/ha

Question 25

absolute density of trees per species formula

Answer 25

number of quarters in which the trees can be found * absolute density

Question 26

calcualte the absolute density of trees per species with the ff info Acacia = 8/20 Eucalyptus = 4/20 Causarina = 5/20 Callitris 3/20 AD = 2380 trees/ha

Answer 26

A = 952 E = 476 Cau = 595 Callitris = 357

Question 27

obtained by taking the number of trees of the species divided by the number of trees of all species multiplied by 100

Answer 27

relative density

Question 28

comparative value of density in relation with other density of other trees

Answer 28

relative density

Question 29

relative density formula

Answer 29

(number of trees per species / total number of species)* 100

Question 30

compute for the RD of eucalyptus with the ff details absolute density = 476 total number of trees = 2380

Answer 30

20.0%

Question 31

measured by its basal area or cross-sectional area

Answer 31

absolute cover or dominance

Question 32

area covered by the tree

Answer 32

absolute cover or dominance

Question 33

computed using the diameter and derived from the basal area

Answer 33

absolute cover/dominance

Question 34

formula for (A)

Answer 34

𝜋 (d^2/4)

Question 35

formula for AC

Answer 35

= Mean BA x no.of trees/ha x 1m^2/10,000 cm^2

Question 36

get the AC of Acacia given that Mean BA = 31.7 no of trees = 952/ha

Answer 36

3.0m^2

Question 37

units for cover are sqm/ha (not sq cm/ha) so a conversion factor is required

Answer 37

absolute cover

Question 38

cover of each species divided by the total covertimes 100 to express the result as percentage

Answer 38

relative cover

Question 39

comparable value of cover in relation to other cover of other trees

Answer 39

relative cover

Question 40

relative cover formula

Answer 40

RC = cover per species/total cover of species *100

Question 41

solve for the relative cover of a tree species with the ff details cover per species = 79.9m^2 total cover = 99.0m^2/ha

Answer 41

80.7

Question 42

percentage of sample points at which a species occurs

Answer 42

frequency

Question 43

indicates a more uniform distribution of a species high or law AF?

Answer 43

higher

Question 44

indicate clustering or clumping high or low AF?

Answer 44

lower AF

Question 45

based on number of sample points, not the number of quarters

Answer 45

absolute frequency

Question 46

normalize the fact that the absolute frequency is more than 100%

Answer 46

relative frequency (RF)

Question 47

comparative value of frequency in relation to other frequency of other trees

Answer 47

relative frequency

Question 48

RF formula

Answer 48

(Absolute Frequency of Acacia / Total Frequency of Species)*100

Question 49

Solve for RF of Acacia when AF of Acacia 80 Total AF 240

Answer 49

33.3

Question 50

calculated as the sum of the relative density, relative frequency, and relative cover

Answer 50

importance value

Question 51

IV formula

Answer 51

𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦+𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦+𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟

Question 52

Gives equal weight to three factors of relative density, frequency, and cover

Answer 52

Importance value

Question 53

can be dominant if there are enough of them to be widely distributed across the transect

Answer 53

small trees

Question 54

Can range from 0 to 300 and species will be ranked based on highest to lowest importance value

Answer 54

importance value

Question 55

used depending on the area and organisms being studied

Answer 55

sampling method

Question 56

consist of rectangular, circular, or square enclosure

Answer 56

plot method

Question 57

no definite enclosure in getting the samples

Answer 57

plotless method

Question 58

method that is plotless and useful in areas of different sizes and shape

Answer 58

PCQM

Question 59

➢Relies upon a random distribution of the organisms in the area to be sampled ➢Uniform or clumped distributions ➢A number of randomly determined points are selected in the area to be sampled ➢Each point will represent the center of the measurement area. From the center, a compass will be used to define four quadrants ➢In each of these quadrants, you will determine and measure the distance to the closest plant from the center point

Answer 59

PCQM