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Environmental Biology and Ecology > Forest Vegetation Analysis > Flashcards

Forest Vegetation Analysis Flashcards

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APยฎ Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the Philippines is one of these countries in the world wherein we are enriched in all biodiversity levels in terms of genetic, species, and ecosystem levels

A

megadiverse

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2
Q

Two ways to assess the biodiversity of the ecosystem:

A

plotless
plot

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3
Q

for a forest, this plotless method is the most appropriate sampling method to be used

A

point center quarter method (pcqm)

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4
Q

often related to the size and shape of the plots used and this method is considered time-consuming

A

quadrat sampling

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5
Q

relies upon random distribution of the organisms in the area to be sampled

A

pcqm

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6
Q

Uniform or clumped distributions will yield erroneous results

A

pcqm

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7
Q

This method is one of the most favored for sampling in several habitats including forest ecosystems

A

pcqm

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8
Q

In this method, a number of randomly determined points are selected in the area to be sampled. These may be taken using a random number chart and distance along a transect tape, as random numbers corresponding to grid positions in the area, or as
random numbers used to select previously arbitrarily determined points in the area. Each point will represent the center of the measurement area. From the center, a compass will be used to define four quadrants. In each of these quadrants, you will determine, and measure the distance to, the closest plant from the center point. The center of the stem, or clump of the stem, should be used. Be sure to measure all relatively close plants to make sure you have the single closest individual.

A

pcqm

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9
Q

study the quadrant numbering

A

+1

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10
Q

is the standard for measuring trees

A

diameter at breast height

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11
Q

Refers to the three diameter measured at 4.5 feet above the ground

A

DBH

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12
Q

DBH can be measured by

A

calibrated diameter tape

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13
Q

displays the diameter measurement when wrapped around the circumference of a tree

A

d-tape

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14
Q

Can also use a string, measuring tape, thumb tack, and a calculator

A

DBH

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15
Q

Will be used to estimate the area covered by the plant

A

DBH

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16
Q

formula for getting DBH from circumference

A

d = ๐œ‹/C

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17
Q

procedure of measuring DBH

A

1.With a measuring tape, measure 4.5 feet up the trunk of the tree from the ground. Use a thumb tack to mark the height of the tree
2.measure the circumference of the tree trunk at 4.5 feet
3.convert the circumference measurement to diameter by dividing the circumference by ฯ€ (3.14)

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18
Q

number of tress per unit area (hectare)

A

absolute density of trees

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19
Q

expressed as a number of trees per hectare, where a hectare is 10,000 sqm

A

absolute density

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20
Q

to get this, a mean distance between trees in the region should be computed:

A

absolute density

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21
Q

mean distance between trees formula

A

x = total distance of trees / total number of quarters

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22
Q

compute the mean distance of trees if there are 40.9m total distances of trees, and 20 trees

A

20.5m far apart

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23
Q

absolute density formula

A

= (10,000m^2)/ha / (xm^2)/tree

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24
Q

get the absolute density with the ff info:

2.05m^2 mean distance

A

2,380 trees/ha

25
Q

absolute density of trees per species formula

A

number of quarters in which the trees can be found * absolute density

26
Q

calcualte the absolute density of trees per species with the ff info

Acacia = 8/20
Eucalyptus = 4/20
Causarina = 5/20
Callitris 3/20
AD = 2380 trees/ha

A

A = 952
E = 476
Cau = 595
Callitris = 357

27
Q

obtained by taking the number of trees of the species divided by the number of trees of all species multiplied by 100

A

relative density

28
Q

comparative value of density in relation with other density of other trees

A

relative density

29
Q

relative density formula

A

(number of trees per species / total number of species)* 100

30
Q

compute for the RD of eucalyptus with the ff details

absolute density = 476
total number of trees = 2380

A

20.0%

31
Q

measured by its basal area or cross-sectional area

A

absolute cover or dominance

32
Q

area covered by the tree

A

absolute cover or dominance

33
Q

computed using the diameter and derived from the basal area

A

absolute cover/dominance

34
Q

formula for (A)

A

๐œ‹ (d^2/4)

35
Q

formula for AC

A

= Mean BA x no.of trees/ha x 1m^2/10,000 cm^2

36
Q

get the AC of Acacia given that

Mean BA = 31.7
no of trees = 952/ha

A

3.0m^2

37
Q

units for cover are sqm/ha (not sq cm/ha) so a conversion factor is required

A

absolute cover

38
Q

cover of each species divided by the total covertimes 100 to express the result as
percentage

A

relative cover

39
Q

comparable value of cover in relation to other cover of other trees

A

relative cover

40
Q

relative cover formula

A

RC = cover per species/total cover of species *100

41
Q

solve for the relative cover of a tree species with the ff details

cover per species = 79.9m^2
total cover = 99.0m^2/ha

A

80.7

42
Q

percentage of sample points at which a species occurs

A

frequency

43
Q

indicates a more uniform distribution of a species

high or law AF?

A

higher

44
Q

indicate clustering or clumping

high or low AF?

A

lower AF

45
Q

based on number of sample points, not the number of quarters

A

absolute frequency

46
Q

normalize the fact that the absolute frequency is more than 100%

A

relative frequency (RF)

47
Q

comparative value of frequency in relation to other frequency of other trees

A

relative frequency

48
Q

RF formula

A

(Absolute Frequency of Acacia / Total Frequency of Species)*100

49
Q

Solve for RF of Acacia when

AF of Acacia 80
Total AF 240

A

33.3

50
Q

calculated as the sum of the relative density, relative frequency, and relative cover

A

importance value

51
Q

IV formula

A

๐‘…๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’ ๐ท๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ฆ+๐‘…๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’ ๐น๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘›๐‘๐‘ฆ+๐‘…๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’ ๐ถ๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ

52
Q

Gives equal weight to three factors of relative density, frequency, and cover

A

Importance value

53
Q

can be dominant if there are enough of them to be widely distributed across the transect

A

small trees

54
Q

Can range from 0 to 300 and species will be ranked based on highest to lowest importance value

A

importance value

55
Q

used depending on the area and organisms being studied

A

sampling method

56
Q

consist of rectangular, circular, or square enclosure

A

plot method

57
Q

no definite enclosure in getting the samples

A

plotless method

58
Q

method that is plotless and useful in areas of different sizes and shape

A

PCQM

59
Q

โžขRelies upon a random distribution of the organisms in the area to be sampled
โžขUniform or clumped distributions
โžขA number of randomly determined points are selected in the area to be sampled
โžขEach point will represent the center of the measurement area. From the center, a compass will be used to define four quadrants
โžขIn each of these quadrants, you will determine and measure the distance to the closest plant from the center
point

A

PCQM

Environmental Biology and Ecology (15 decks)

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