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Biology > Topic L- Execretion > Flashcards

Topic L- Execretion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

definition of excretion

A

removal of waste products of a chemical reaction

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2
Q

definition of egestion

A

removal of left over substances or unused material ( which hasn’t been part of a chemical reaction)

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3
Q

Name 3 excretory organs

A

Kidneys
Lungs
Skin

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4
Q

what do lungs excrete

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

what does skin excrete

A

sweat

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6
Q

what doe the kidneys excrete

A

urine = urea
ions ( salt)
water

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7
Q

where is urea produced and from what

A

in the liver from excess amino acids

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8
Q

what parts are contained within the urinary system

7 things

A 
Vein 
Artery
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Sphincter muscle 
Urethra
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9
Q

PAPER 2

describe structure of a nephron
8 things

A 
Renal artery
Glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule 
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule 
Collecting duct 
Blood to renal vein
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10
Q

PAPER 2

ultrafiltration in bowman’s capsule

A
  1. blood from renal artery flows through glomerulus
  2. High pressure = water, urea, ions + glucose (glomerular filtrate ) squeezed out of blood into Bowman’s capsule
  3. Membrane between blood vessels in glomerulus and bowman’s capsule = filters= proteins + blood cells ( big molecules not squeezed out but remain in blood.
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11
Q

PAPER 2

what is the filtered liquid in the Bowman’s capsule known as

A

glomerular filtrate

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12
Q

PAPER 2

what is glomerular filtrate composed of

A

water
urea
ions
glucose

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13
Q

PAPER 2

what happens at the collecting duct

A

water is reabsorbed from the collecting duct into the bloodstream by osmosis

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14
Q

PAPER 2

what happens at the proximal convoluted tubule

A

all the glucose reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule back in to blood stream by active transport

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15
Q

PAPER 2

why does reabsorption of glucose occur at the proximal convoluted tubule

A

so the glucose can be used in respiration

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16
Q

PAPER 2

what does selectively reabsorbed mean

A

only some substances are reabsorbed

17
Q

PAPER 2

definition of osmoregulation

A

body constantly controlling the balance of water coming in against the water going out

18
Q

PAPER 2

how is water taken into the body

A

food + drink

19
Q

PAPER 2

how is water lost from the body

A

sweating
breathing
weeing

20
Q

PAPER 2

what does ADH stand for

A

anti-diuretic hormone

21
Q

PAPER 2

what does the hormone ADH do

A

controls the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidney nephrons

22
Q

PAPER 2

how is the hormone ADH released

A

brain monitors the water content of blood and instructs pituitary gland to release ADH into the blood

23
Q

PAPER 2

what happens if we don’t have enough water

A

Brain detects water loss= pituitary gland..

More ADH= More water reabsorption= Less urine

24
Q

PAPER 2

what happens if we have to much water

A

Brain detects water gain= pituitary gland..

Less ADH= Less water reabsorption= More urine

25
Q

PAPER 2

what happens to urine when the kidneys reabsorb more water

A

urine= smaller volume + more concentrated

26
Q

PAPER 2

what does urine contain

A

water
urea
ions (salts)

27
Q

PAPER 2

what are nephrons

A

filtration units in the kidneys

28
Q

PAPER 2

definition of ultrafiltration

A

substances filtered out of the blood from glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule

29
Q

PAPER 2

where does selective reabsorption take place and of what

A

proximal convoluted tubule

glucose

30
Q

PAPER 2

where does ultrafiltration take place

A

Bowman’s capsule

31
Q

PAPER 2

what happens at the loop of henle

A

alters salt concentration in medulla = aid water reabsorption from collecting duct

32
Q

PAPER 2

where does variable reabsorption of water take place

A

collecting duct

33
Q

PAPER 2

what does ADH specifically do

A

increases permeability of collecting duct

Biology (14 decks)

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