(Need redoing )Topic A - Cells and Classification Flashcards
What does classification mean?
Putting organisms into groups
What are the 5 (6) large groups (+ eg.) living organisms can be placed into?
Animals eg.mammals + insects Plants eg.flowering plants Fungi eg. mucor+ yeast Protoctista eg. seaweed not any of above Bacteria (Prokaryotes) eg. pneumococcus (Viruses-not kingdom-not living) eg. influenza
Classify by…
Animals -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General -multicellular organisms that move
Cells -at least 5um
- contain nucleus
- no cell walls
Nutrition - other organisms living or dead
Classify by…
Plants -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General -multicellular organisms that don’t move
Cells -at least 5um
- contain nucleus
- contain chlorophyll
- cellulous cell walls
Nutrition - photosynthesis ( water+ carbon dioxide)
Classify by…
Fungi -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General -never contain chlorophyll
-reproduce using spores
Cells -at least 5um
- contain nucleus
- cell walls usually made of chitin
Nutrition - other living organisms living or dead
-some make own food
Classify by…
Protoctista -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General -include all unicellular organisms
-contain few multicellular-don’t fit anywhere
else
Cells -at least 5um
- contain nucleus
- very variable
Nutrition - some feed on other organisms
-some make own food
Classify by…
Bacteria (Prokaryotes) -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General -microscopic organisms
-unicellular
Cells -about 1um
- no nucleus
- reproduce quickly forming colonies
Nutrition - other organisms living or dead
Classify by…
Viruses -General
- Cells
- Nutrition
General - have DNA encased by protein
-not living
Cells -less than 0.5um
-non cellular(not made of cells)
Nutrition - cannot obtain own food
-only active when enter living cells
What is the two part name of all organisms ?
- Genus eg.Homo
2. Species eg. Sapiens
Name the parts of an animal cell (draw + label on separate piece o paper)
Cytoplasm Ribosome Lysosomes Mitochondria Nucleus Cell Membrane
Name the parts of a plant cell (draw + label on separate piece o paper)
Cytoplasm Ribosome Lysosomes Mitochondria Nucleus Cell Membrane
Only in plants - cellulose cell wall
- chloroplast (contain chlorophyll)
- large permanent vacuole
Function of nucleus?
Contains genes, made of DNA to control what cell does.
Contains instructions to make new cells
Function of cytoplasm?
A jelly like substance, in which chemical reactions take place.
Reactions keep cell alive
Function of cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of cell
Surrounds cytoplasm, separates cell contents from its surroundings
Function of mitochondria?
Respiration takes place here, this releases energy for cell to use
Function of cell wall?
Made of tough cellulose, which provides support and strengthens cell
Function of chloroplast?
Makes food (sugar) by carrying out photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll to trap light energy
Function of large permanent vacuole?
Filled with liquid called cell sap which helps support cell
What are the 7 levels of organisation ( smallest to biggest) - Russian Dolls
- Atom
- Molecule
- Organelle
- Cell
- Lungs
- Tissue
- Organ- System
What is an atom? give example
Smallest unit of matter
Not changed by chemical reactions
eg. hydrogen, carbon, sodium
What is a molecule? give example
Group of atoms bonded together
Changed my chemical reactions
eg. water, DNA, haemoglobin
What is an organelle? give example
Part of cell
Performs one function for cell
Cannot survive on own
eg. nucleus, mitochondria
What is a cell? give example
Life’s building block
Smallest part that can do all basic activities of life
eg. sperm, root-hair, red blood cell
What are the lungs?
Significant part of the body
Made of several tissues to do a job for the body
What is tissue? give example
A group of similar cells all doing one job, as part of an organ
What is the organ system? give example
Group of organs that work together to perform a major job
eg. circulatory, digestive
Name 3 types of movement in and out of cells
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Active Transport
Definition of diffusion? give example
Movement of particles from high concentration to low until spread evenly
eg. oxygen + carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of blood
Definition of osmosis? give example
Passage of water molecules from dilute solution through partially permeable membrane
eg. Water moves into plant cells by osmosis, making them turgid or stiff so that they are able to hold the plant upright.
Deffinition of active transport? give example
Uptake of particles by cells against a concentration gradient.
Energy is need
eg. glucose taken up into the bloodstream (small intestine)
Function of Ribosomes
Used to make protein
