(Need redoing )Topic A - Cells and Classification

Question 1

What does classification mean?

Answer 1

Putting organisms into groups

Question 2

What are the 5 (6) large groups (+ eg.) living organisms can be placed into?

Answer 2

Animals eg.mammals + insects
Plants eg.flowering plants
Fungi  eg. mucor+ yeast
Protoctista eg. seaweed not any of above
Bacteria (Prokaryotes) eg. pneumococcus
(Viruses-not kingdom-not living) eg. influenza

Question 3

Classify by…

Animals -General

           - Cells
           - Nutrition

Answer 3

General -multicellular organisms that move

Cells -at least 5um

               - contain nucleus
               - no cell walls

Nutrition - other organisms living or dead

Question 4

Classify by…

Plants -General

          - Cells
          - Nutrition

Answer 4

General -multicellular organisms that don’t move

Cells -at least 5um

               - contain nucleus
               - contain chlorophyll
               - cellulous cell walls

Nutrition - photosynthesis ( water+ carbon dioxide)

Question 5

Classify by…

Fungi -General

       - Cells
       - Nutrition

Answer 5

General -never contain chlorophyll
-reproduce using spores

Cells -at least 5um

              - contain nucleus
              - cell walls usually made of chitin

Nutrition - other living organisms living or dead
-some make own food

Question 6

Classify by…

Protoctista -General

               - Cells
               - Nutrition

Answer 6

General -include all unicellular organisms
-contain few multicellular-don’t fit anywhere
else

Cells -at least 5um

              - contain nucleus
              - very variable

Nutrition - some feed on other organisms
-some make own food

Question 7

Classify by…

Bacteria (Prokaryotes) -General

                                  - Cells
                                  - Nutrition

Answer 7

General -microscopic organisms
-unicellular

Cells -about 1um

              - no nucleus
              - reproduce quickly forming colonies

Nutrition - other organisms living or dead

Question 8

Classify by…

Viruses -General

            - Cells
            - Nutrition

Answer 8

General - have DNA encased by protein
-not living

Cells -less than 0.5um
-non cellular(not made of cells)

Nutrition - cannot obtain own food
-only active when enter living cells

Question 9

What is the two part name of all organisms ?

Answer 9

1. Genus eg.Homo

2. Species eg. Sapiens

Question 10

Name the parts of an animal cell (draw + label on separate piece o paper)

Answer 10

Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Lysosomes
Mitochondria 
Nucleus
Cell Membrane

Question 11

Name the parts of a plant cell (draw + label on separate piece o paper)

Answer 11

Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Lysosomes
Mitochondria 
Nucleus
Cell Membrane

Only in plants - cellulose cell wall

                    - chloroplast (contain chlorophyll)
                    - large permanent vacuole

Question 12

Function of nucleus?

Answer 12

Contains genes, made of DNA to control what cell does.

Contains instructions to make new cells

Question 13

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 13

A jelly like substance, in which chemical reactions take place.

Reactions keep cell alive

Question 14

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 14

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Surrounds cytoplasm, separates cell contents from its surroundings

Question 15

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

Respiration takes place here, this releases energy for cell to use

Question 16

Function of cell wall?

Answer 16

Made of tough cellulose, which provides support and strengthens cell

Question 17

Function of chloroplast?

Answer 17

Makes food (sugar) by carrying out photosynthesis

Contains chlorophyll to trap light energy

Question 18

Function of large permanent vacuole?

Answer 18

Filled with liquid called cell sap which helps support cell

Question 19

What are the 7 levels of organisation ( smallest to biggest) - Russian Dolls

Answer 19

1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Organelle
4. Cell
5. Lungs
6. Tissue
7. Organ- System

Question 20

What is an atom? give example

Answer 20

Smallest unit of matter
Not changed by chemical reactions

eg. hydrogen, carbon, sodium

Question 21

What is a molecule? give example

Answer 21

Group of atoms bonded together
Changed my chemical reactions

eg. water, DNA, haemoglobin

Question 22

What is an organelle? give example

Answer 22

Part of cell
Performs one function for cell
Cannot survive on own

eg. nucleus, mitochondria

Question 23

What is a cell? give example

Answer 23

Life’s building block
Smallest part that can do all basic activities of life

eg. sperm, root-hair, red blood cell

Question 24

What are the lungs?

Answer 24

Significant part of the body

Made of several tissues to do a job for the body

Question 25

What is tissue? give example

Answer 25

A group of similar cells all doing one job, as part of an organ

Question 26

What is the organ system? give example

Answer 26

Group of organs that work together to perform a major job

eg. circulatory, digestive

Question 27

Name 3 types of movement in and out of cells

Answer 27

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Active Transport

Question 28

Definition of diffusion? give example

Answer 28

Movement of particles from high concentration to low until spread evenly

eg. oxygen + carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of blood

Question 29

Definition of osmosis? give example

Answer 29

Passage of water molecules from dilute solution through partially permeable membrane

eg. Water moves into plant cells by osmosis, making them turgid or stiff so that they are able to hold the plant upright.

Question 30

Deffinition of active transport? give example

Answer 30

Uptake of particles by cells against a concentration gradient.

Energy is need

eg. glucose taken up into the bloodstream (small intestine)

Question 31

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 31

Used to make protein