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Biology > Topic C - Diet and Digestion > Flashcards

Topic C - Diet and Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 6 things needed for a balanced diet

A

Carbohydrates - starch
-sugar

Fats/ Oils (lipids)

Protein

Fibre (roughage)

Vitamins + Minerals ( fruit + veg)

Water

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2
Q

Function of carbohydrates ( give examples)

A

Energy -heart beat

         - breathing 
         - body temp.
         - work and other movement ( muscle fibres)

Excess stored as body fat

eg. starch = bread, potato
sugar = sweets, cake

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3
Q

Function of fats/oil ( give examples)

A

Energy -heart beat

         - breathing 
         - body temp.
         - work and other movement ( muscle fibres)

Used in construction of cell membranes
Excess stored as body fat

eg. butter, cheese, milk

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4
Q

Function of protein ( give examples)

A

Build cells
Make enzymes
In starvation protein can be used as last resort of energy

eg. meat, eggs. beans

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5
Q

Function of fibre ( give examples)

A

Helps prevent constipation

eg. bran, cabbage, wholemeal

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6
Q

Function of water (give examples)

A

Transports substance in blood solution
Medium for digestion
Medium for excretion
Temp control through evaporation

eg. drinks most food

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7
Q

Name different types of vitamins and minerals

A 
Vitamin A
Vitamin B (complex)
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Iodine
Iron
Calcium
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8
Q

Function of Vitamin A ( give examples)

A

Promotes healthy eyesight (night vision)
Promotes healthy skin
Promotes resistance to disease

eg. carrots, liver eggs

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9
Q

Function of Vitamin B complex ( give examples)

A

Part of many chemical processes in cells particularly respiration

eg. whole meal bread, brown rice

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10
Q

Function of Vitamin C ( give examples)

A

Helps to heal wounds
Helps rebuild new tissue
Promotes healthy connectives

eg. citrus fruit, tomatoes, fresh green vegetables

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11
Q

Function of Vitamin D ( give examples)

A

Maintains level of calcium in blood
To form strong bones + teeth

eg. cod liver oil, egg yolk, milk

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12
Q

Function of iodine ( give examples)

A

Used to make thyroxin in thyroid gland

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13
Q

Function of calcium ( give examples)

A

Formation of teeth + bones
Helps control muscle contraction
Important in clotting of wounds

eg. milk, cheese, soya flour

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14
Q

Definition of enzymes ( 5 things )

A 
Potent biological catalyst 
Proteins
Made by living cells
Control metabolism 
Sensitive to change in PH +Temp.
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15
Q

Explain enzyme action ( 3 things )

A

Each enzyme has an ACTIVE SITE

SUBSTRATE (starch molecule) fits in to active site (like key in a key whole)

Substrate split into small maltose molecules (PRODUCTS)

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16
Q

Give example of enzyme reaction for starch molecule

food group , enzyme , breakdown product

A
  1. Starch molecule
  2. Carbohydrase
  3. Glucose
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17
Q

Give example of enzyme reaction for fat molecule

food group , enzyme , breakdown product

A
  1. Fat molecule
  2. Lipase
  3. Fatty acids + glycerol
18
Q

Give example of enzyme reaction for protein molecule

food group , enzyme , breakdown product

A
  1. Protein molecule
  2. Protease
  3. Amino acids
19
Q

List the order of structures of the digestive system

A 
Mouth 
Oesophagus 
Stomach
( Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas -food does not pass through)
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
20
Q

Function of mouth (pH 7)

A

Saliva moistens food

Teeth breakdown food (mechanical digestion)

Starch digestion begins - salivary amylase (enzyme)

21
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Bolus of food passed down into stomach by peristalsis

22
Q

Function of stomach (pH 2)

A

Hydrochloric acid (pH 2) added to kill bacteria

Food churned by muscular wall

Protein digestion begins- protease released (enzymes)

23
Q

Function of liver

A

Produces bile (alkaline)

24
Q

Function of gall bladder

A

Stores bile which emulsifies lipids (fats)
Bile passed down b-duct to small intestine
Bile alkaline- neutralises stomach acid

25
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Releases pancreatic juice
Produces digestive enzymes (protease, carbohydrase, lipase)
Which are secreted into small intestine

26
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Long, Narrow , Large surface Area
Digestion is completed (enzymes )
Nutrients are absorbed through villi on wall into bloodstream

27
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Water is absorbed to maintain hydration

28
Q

Function of rectum

A

Faeces compacted and stored

29
Q

Function of anus

A

Faeces are egested

Pass out via anal sphincter

30
Q

Explain Peristalsis

A

Muscles behind bolus (food) contract and muscles in front relax
This squeezes the food along the gut wall towards the anus

31
Q

Definition of digestion

A

Breakdown of food ( so can be absorbed)

32
Q

Definition of absorption

A

Products of digestion absorbed into blood circulation system

33
Q

Definition of assimilation

A

Products of digestion absorbed from blood into body cells used for energy growth and reapair

34
Q

Definition of egestion

A

Undigested food expelled from body as faeces

35
Q

Definition of excretion

A

Removing waste made in our cells

36
Q

Definition of epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that closes off the trachea when food or drink is swallowed

37
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Iodine= Clear > Dark black/blue

38
Q

What is test for glucose?

A

Benedict’s solution = Light blue > Orange/brick red

39
Q

What is test for protein?

A

Copper Sulphate solution + Sodium hydroxide solution = Clear cloudy > Lilac/purple

40
Q

What is test for fat

A

Ethanol (alcohol) + water = separation with oil sitting on top

Biology (14 decks)

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