TOPIC 9 - Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

9.1.1 Define fatigue in sports

A

A reversible, exercise-induced decline in performance

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2
Q

9.1.2. Outline the different types of fatigue

A

Peripheral Fatigue
- Develops rapidly and is caused by reduced muscle cell force

Mechanisms operating within the muscle that affect the ability of the muscle itself to produce force

Central Fatigue
- Develops during prolonged exercise and is caused by impaired function of the central nervous system

Mechanisms operating outside the muscle that inhibit muscle activation and reduce force production

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3
Q

9.1.3. Distinguish between high intensity and endurance activities

A

High intensity exercise
- Vigorous bouts of intense activity
- Less than 1 sec or up to 1-2min
- Anaerobic

Endurance activities
- Prolonged sessions of low-intensity activity
- Several minutes to several hours
- Aerobic

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4
Q

9.1.4. Discuss causes of fatigue in different types of activity or exercise

High intensity Vs endurance

A

Development of peripheral fatigue in high-intensity activities:
- depletion of energy sources (ATP & CP)
- Increased levels of biproducts (H+ & lactate)

Development of peripheral fatigue in endurance activities:
- depletion of muscle and liver glycogen reserves
- reduction in Ca2+ release
- depletion of acetylcholine
- dehydration, electrolyte loss, overheating

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5
Q

9.1.5. Discuss recovery from fatigue after sports

A
  • Different aspects of recovery can occur at different rates
  • Recovery rate depend on the type of activity (high-intensity, team sports or endurance)
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6
Q

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

A

Fast replenishment:
- Restoration of muscle phosphagens (ATP & CP)
- Takes up to 3 min for full restoration
- Uses 2–3 litres of oxygen

Slow replenishment
- Removal of lactic acid
- Takes up to an hour
- Uses 5–6 litres of oxygen

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7
Q

Describe the possible causes of fatigue during exercise bouts lasting 15-30s and 2-4 hours.

A
  • Exercise bouts at 15-30 seconds will usually lead to peripheral fatigue if it is anaerobic and at high intensity –> Depletion of energy stores of ATP and CP
  • Central fatigue may be the result of exercising in aerobic, prolonged bouts of 2-4 hours due to impaired function of the CNS
  • Peripheral fatigue may occur during bouts of exercise 2-4 hours long due to depletion of muscle and liver glycogen stores, reduction in Ca2+ release, depletion of acetylcholine, dehydration, overheating and electrolyte loss
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