1.1 The Skeletal System Flashcards
1.1.8 Outline the features of a synovial joint
The femur is _______ to the patella?
Proximal
1.1.7
Distinguish between the different types of joint in relation to movement permitted.
Name the 4 TYPES of bone.
1.9 List the different types of synovial joints
1. Ball and socket
Example: hip & shoulder
2. Pivot
Example: the atlas, and axis at the top of the cervical vertebrae.
3. Saddle Joints.
Example: The thumb is the only one in the entire body.
4. Hinge Joints
Example: Elbow and knee
5. Condyloid Joints
Examples: between the metacarpals and phalanges in the hand.
6. Gliding Joints
Examples: between the carpals in the hand and tarsals in the ankle.
The radius is _________ to the ulna.
Lateral
Give an example of a Condyloid Joint and describe its movement.
Condyloid Joints have an oval-shaped bone end which fits into a correspondingly shaped bone end. They allow forwards, backward, left and right movement, but not rotation.
Examples: between the metacarpals and phalanges in the hand.
Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of function
The axial skeleton’s function is about protection.
- The cranium and ribcage are built in a way to protect the body’s vital organs (brain. heart & lungs). While the vertebral column (spine) does move, its movements are somewhat limited (cartilaginous joint), and it also incases the spinal cord (protection)*
- The axial skeletons’ bones form mainly fibrous and cartilaginous joints. These joints either don’t move (fibrous) or move very little (cartilaginous)*
The appendicular skeleton is made up of all the bones that form the body’s limbs (appendices)
The joints of the appendcular skeleton are all different types of synovial joints. (joints with the most movement)
Name 3 irregular bones.
Vertebrae,
Sacrum
Mandible
The carpals are _______ to the humerus
A. Inferior
B. Distal
C. Medial
D. Proximal
B. Distal
Distal and not inferior because distal and proximal is the terminology used when speaking about the limbs.
The mandible is ________ to the cranium.
Inferior
Which of the following bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton?
A. Vertebrae
B. Sternum
C. Skull
D. Humerus
D.
Humerus
Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone.
Name 4 flat bones
Scapula (shoulder blade).
The Sternum (breast bone),
Cranium (skull),
Pelvis
Ribs
Name 4 long bones.
Femur
Humerus
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges.
Which best describes flat bones?
A. Complex and varied in shape, such as the vertebrae
B. The type of bones found in the skull and the shoulder blade
C. Bones that are longer than they are wide
D. Bones found in the wrist and ankle
B.
The type of bones found in the skull and the shoulder blade
Give an example of a gliding joint and explain its movement.
Gliding Joints have two flat faces of bone that slide over one another.
They allow a tiny bit of movement in all directions.
Examples: between the carpals in the hand and tarsals in the ankle.
Give an example of a ball and socket joint and describe its movement.
Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions and also rotation.
The most mobile joints in the body are ball and socket joints.
Examples: Shoulders and hips.
Name 3 short bones.
Carpals and Tarsals
Patella (knee cap)
Give an example of a saddle joint and describe its movement.
Saddle Joints, the ends of the two bones fit together in a special way, allowing movement forwards and backward and left to right, but not rotation.
Examples: The thumb is the only one.
Describe the difference between tendons and ligaments.
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Tendons are a part of the muscle, they are the very end part of each muscle, and is the structure which attaches the muscle to the bone.
They share characteristics of muscles (like elasticity) but are not as elastic as the belly of the muscle. (for example)
Ligaments attach bone to bone.
They do not share the characteristics of muscles like elasticity, and contractility. They are stronger than tendons and provide for structural support for joints, than tendons.
Give an example of a Hinge Joint and describe its movement.
Hinge joints..as their name suggests – only allow forwards and backwards movement.
Examples: The knee and elbow.
What are the 5 main functions of the skeleton?
Which of the following bones is a part of the axial skeleton?
A. Femur
B. Sternum
C. Patella
D. Humerus
B.
Sternum
Distinguish anatomically (in terms of bones) between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Axial skeleton:
skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column consisting of cervical –7 bones, thoracic–12 bones, lumbar–5 bones, sacral–5 bones (fused as 1) and coccyx–4 bones (fused as 1).
Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium and pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Give an example of a pivot joint and describe its movement.
Have a ring of bone that fits over a bone protrusion, around which it can rotate.
These joints only allow rotation.
Examples: The joint between the atlas and axis in the neck which allows you to shake your head.
Also: The proximal and distal radioulnar joints pivot together such that the radius twists around the ulnar to allow pronation and supination of the forearm
1.1.5 Apply anatomical terminology to the location of bones.
(how well do you know and can correctly use the terminology?
