Olivia Kern's 2.1 ventilatory system Flashcards
2.1.1 List the principal structures of the ventilatory system.
Nose: Nostrils lined with coarse ‘guard hairs’ that block insects and debris entering the nose; nasal cavity is made up of 3 folds of tissue, which ensure the air makes contact with the mucous layer of the nasal cavity; allows the nose to warm, humidify and cleanse the air.
Mouth :
Pharynx: Located at the back of the nasal cavity; involved in both respiration and digestion; made of 3 parts; continues to warm and filter air.
Larynx: Vocal cords situated at the top of trachea; continues to warm and filter air; contains a flap (epiglottis) which prevents food from entering the trachea; breathing stops when swallowing because the epiglottis blocks the trachea.
Trachea: Delivers air into lungs; lined with mucus and upward bearing cilia; strengthened by 12-16 cartilaginous rings’ branches into two main bronchi’
Lungs:
Bronchi: branches delivering air into each of the lungs; some supportive rings of cartilage.
Bronchioles: Consists of smooth muscle with not supporting cartilage; further divide delivering air to alveolar ducts; cilia carry mucus with trapped dust to back of throat where it is swallowed.
Alveoli: Millions of thin walled air sacs which receive air from bronchioles through alveolar ducts’ responsible for gaseous exchange (takes place between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries).
2.1.2 Outline the functions of the conducting airways.
