Topic 11 Skill and Acquisition

Question 1

What is Traditional Pedadology

Answer 1

Content-focused learning

Coach led Learning

Coach has full responsibility for what, how and when learning takes places

(little autonomy)

Question 2

What is non-linear pedagogy

Answer 2

High level of collaboration with an athlete and coach

process-oriented learning

development of creativity in athletes

Question 3

Distinguish between traditional and non-linear pedagogy

Answer 3

Traditional pedagogy occurs through the simple transmission of fixed knowledge from coach to athlete.
Non-linear pedagogy occurs in a non-linear, unpredictable manner with coach and athletes exploring a situation/problem/issue together.

Question 4

What are the three Newell constraints

Answer 4

Athlete, Enviromental and Task constraints

Question 5

What are the athlete constraints

Answer 5

self-organization

movement patterns

cognition

decision-making

Question 6

What are the environmental constraints

Answer 6

physical factors such as gravity, altitude, light, music or noise, as well as floor space, court surface, and net or lines on the area of play

social factors, such as peer pressure, social and cultural expectations

Question 7

What are task constraints?

Answer 7

The goal of the specific task

rules on actions or conditions on tasks

rules on the equipment used.

Question 8

How do Constraint led approach improve motivation

Answer 8

Athlete: Minimize the number of rules. For example, in touch rugby, allow forward passes.
• Environment: Limit the space available to participants. For example, in netball, have attackers and defenders in specific zones so hat players focus on their own tasks.
• Task: Modify the equipment so that the activity allows for more success. For example, increase the size of the golf ball (use a tennis ball)

Question 9

What are the reasons to use notational analysis?

Answer 9

It is primarily used to inform the coaching process,and so improve athlete performance through:

• Providing an objective way of recording performance
• Quantifying performance in a consistent and reliable manner
• Facilitating quantitative and qualitative feedback

Question 10

List five applications of notation in physical education and sporting contexts.

Answer 10

Tactical evaluation
Technical evaluation
Analysis of movement
Development of databases and models
Educational use with teacher/coach and athlete

Question 11

Distinguish between a phase analysis model and performance outcome model of qualitative biomechanical analysis for an individual sports technique.

Answer 11

Phase analysis model (sequential, based on movement principles)
Preparation
Retraction
Action
Follow-through

Performance outcome model (hierarchical, based on mechanical relationships underpinning performance)
Speed principles
Force principles
Coordination principles
Specific performance principles

Question 12

Explain how a flow chart system can be used for match analysis in a team invasion game.

Answer 12

• The player who has possession
• The location (in the field of play) for a change in possession
• The player who gains possession
• The method of change in possession (for example, tackle or interception).

Question 13

What are the three simple notation systems for team games

Answer 13

scattergrams
frequency tables
sequential systems.

Question 14

Outline three examples of the use of digital technology in sports analysis.

Answer 14

Motion tracking and capture devices (for example, Hawkeye, Dartfish)

• Performance-analysis software (for example, Prozone, Coach’s eye)
• Nutrition, fitness and training analysis software (for example, Bodybyte, My fitness pal)

Question 15

Evaluate the use of information technologies in sports analysis for different sports contexts.

Answer 15

Provides data not available through traditional analysis techniques (for example, power output measurements in cycling).
Provides data over shorter or longer timescales (for example. tracking of ball trajectories during pitching/throwing).
Data is objective and accurate.
Processed data improves visualization and allows image comparison.
Feedback is immediate and efficient.
Feedback information is manageable and is specifically adjusted for individual needs.
Many new software technologies are relatively inexpensive.
Coaches need training to make effective use of, and to develop skill in, interpretation of data.
Limited availability in many regions.
Limited use in all situations, for example. during matches or in remote locations.
May lead to over-reliance on objective data.