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Psych 282 > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

punishment

A

process in which consequences of behavior weakens operant behavior

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2
Q

punisher

A

stimulus, object or event that weakens behaviour
- often aversive stimulus
- defined by its effect on behavior it follows
- decreases the frequency of behavior

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3
Q

_____ is punished

A

behavior

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4
Q

punishment is not the same as _____

A

revenge

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5
Q

positive punishment

A

presentation of aversive stimulus decreases behavior
- behavior is less likely to occur in future

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6
Q

application of aversive activities

A

individuals perform aversive activity as consequence for inappropriate behavior

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7
Q

what principle applied to punishment?

A

Premack
- making them engage in non-preferred behavior can serve as positive punishment for performing more-preferred behavior

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8
Q

application of aversive stimulation

A

punishes behavior by delivering aversive stimulus

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9
Q

negative punishment

A

removal of appetitive stimulus decreases behavior

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10
Q

time-out from positive reinforcement

A
  • removes individual from reinforcing enviro as a consequence for inappropriate behavior
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11
Q

response cost

A

punishes behavior by taking away a valued item or privilege

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12
Q

is punishment or extinction rapid?

A

punishment

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13
Q

unconditioned punisher (primary)

A
  • stimulus or event that is naturally aversive
  • may be biologically important
  • harmful effect or affect survival
  • pain bc of shock
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14
Q

conditioned punisher (secondary)

A

previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with unconditioned punisher so acts like punisher
- “no”
- threats of harm
- reprimands
- tickets
- defined functionally

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15
Q

generalized conditioned punisher

A

conditioned punisher that has been paired with number of other punishers

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16
Q

immediacy

A

punishment most effective when it follows immediately after behavior

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17
Q

contingency

A

punishment most effective when it follows every behavior

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18
Q

what happens when there is inadvertent reinforcement during punishment?

A

behavior increases

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19
Q

motivating operation

A

events that temporarily alter effectiveness of punishment, thus affect behavior

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20
Q

establishing operation

A

establishes/increases effectiveness of punishment
- deprivation that makes the loss of reinforcer more effective as a punisher

21
Q

abolishing operation

A

decreases effectiveness of punishment
- satiation that makes loss of reinforcer less effective as punisher

22
Q

verbal explanation

A

giving reason for delivery of punishment may enhance effects

23
Q

individual differences

A

particular conditioned punishment depends on individual past history which varies from person to person

24
Q

magnitude of punishment

A

more intense stimulus is more likely to function as punisher

25
Q

do punishment of extreme intensity have a greater effect on behavior?

A

no

26
Q

pros to punishment

A
  • rapid
  • behavior may be resistant to other treatment but punishment
  • may suppress unwanted behavior
27
Q

cons to punishment

A
  • undesirable emotional or aggressive responses
  • escape and avoidance responses
  • induce overuse in person administering it due to producing neg reinforcement
  • modeling: individual subjected to punishment may rarely learn to use punishment to control others
  • ethical issues: punishment may violate institutional policies or laws
28
Q

corporal

A

of or pertaining to the human body
- any form of pos punishment

29
Q

what is corporal punishment is referred to as?

A

physical punishment

30
Q

____% of households reported spanking

A

35

31
Q

who in canada are more in favor of spanking?

A

older

32
Q

strict view of CP and physical abuse

A

any form of CP is abuse

33
Q

lay belief of CP and physical abuse

A

there is a difference but no clear line apart from legal definitions

34
Q

what section of Criminal Code authorizes physical discipline?

A

43

35
Q

common reasons for spanking

A
  • tried-and-true
  • personal responsibility
  • self-discipline
  • moral character development
36
Q

research say about spanking?

A
  • does the opposite of goals
  • double-blind, randomized controlled trials, ethics
  • self-reports (social desirability effects)
  • CP results in immediate compliance but no suppression
  • no long-term internalized compliance
37
Q

why is spanking ineffective?

A
  • for it to be effective: - immediate, consistent and delivered after every instance
  • spanking does not teach children new behaviors or what to do in place of problem behavior
  • strong emotional and physical feeling produced by spanking may interfere with disciplinary messages
  • spanking models of use of aggression and violence
38
Q

unintended detrimental side of effects of spanking

A
  • poor quality of parent-child relationships
  • adult aggression and antisocial behavior
  • greater incidence of child abuse
  • impaired mental health and psychological wellbeing (5 point IQ decline)
39
Q

Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor

A

comprehensive meta-analysis
- 13 detrimental outcomes
- no substantial differences between spanking and physical punishment

40
Q

alternatives to spanking

A

reasoning
- limits and rules
- verbal directives and discipline
- apply other subtypes of punishment- time-out, response cost
- age-appropriate
- connected to of behavior

41
Q

task specific

A

consequence helps child practice skills and behaviors that need improvement

42
Q

time specific

A

behavior change must happen in defined time period

43
Q

what do consequences need to be followed with?

A

love and trust

44
Q

extinction vs neg punishment

A

withholding reinforcer that was maintaining behavior vs removing or withdrawing positive reinforcer after behavior

45
Q

when is punisher delivered?

A

after
- pos punishment

46
Q

when is punisher removed?

A

after
- neg reinforcement

47
Q

when is reinforcing stimulus removed?

A

after behavior
- behavior will decrease
- neg punishment

48
Q

when is reinforcing stimulus presented?

A
  • after
  • behavior increase
  • pos reinforcement
49
Q

ethical guidelinesfor punishment

A
  • based on assessment results and address reasons
  • reinforcement first
  • punishment used only if severity of problem behavior warrants it
  • used in conjunction with reinforcement

Psych 282 (16 decks)

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