Topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of a line graph?

A
  • x (abscissa) and y-axis (ordinate) lines
  • labels for axis
  • numbers on axis
  • data points and connecting with lines
  • phase lines (if there are diff phases)
  • phase labels (baseline, treatment and follow up)
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2
Q

what is a phase line?

A

vertical line on graph that indicates change in treatment
- data points do not connect across phase lines

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3
Q

what are the typical x and y axis for b-mod?

A

time and behavior

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4
Q

what are the do/don’t for graphs?

A
  • client name (bottom right)
  • data summary to go from raw data
  • no legend
  • no gridlines
  • add title
  • black axes and units
  • no connection baseline phase curve to treatment phase curve
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5
Q

what is the purpose of research design?

A

determine whether treatment is responsible for observed change in target behavior and to rule out extraneous variables causing behavior to change

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6
Q

independent variable

A

treatment applied
- what researcher applied to manipulate to produce change in target behavior

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7
Q

dependent variable

A

target behavior measure

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8
Q

confounding variable

A

extraneous
- factor affecting behavior but not controlled

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9
Q

functional relationship

A

treatment procedure (IV) regularly causes change in target behaviour while other variables held constant
- need IV-DV behavior and replication

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10
Q

what is IV-DV relationship?

A

changing IV causes change in DV

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11
Q

what is replication in functional relationship?

A

consistent pattern of results

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12
Q

what does b-mod typically use?

A

single-subject research methods
does not employ much stats analysis

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13
Q

what is A-B design?

A

one baseline (A) and one treatment (B)
- baseline collect at least 3 points that do not show a trend (which would indicate behavior change)
- used to eval the effect of treatment on target behavior
- not a research design or purposes

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14
Q

what is the simplest graph used?

A

A-B design

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15
Q

where is A-B graph used?

A

applied nonresearch situation in which people are interested in demonstrating behavior change occurred
- self-management project

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16
Q

pros of A-B design

A

satisfactory for self-management

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17
Q

cons of A-B design

A

not a true research design- lacks replication, no cause and effect, change can be due to confounding variable

18
Q

A-B-A-B design

A
  • reversal design
  • 1 person doing
  • 2 baseline phases
  • 2 treatment phases
  • varied to include more than one kind of treatment
19
Q

pro of A-B-A-B

A

establish cause and effect

20
Q

cons of A-B-A-B

A
  • unethical to withdraw beneficial intervention
  • behavior may not revert back to second baseline
21
Q

multiple baseline design

A
  • more than one A-B carried out simultaneously
  • baseline vary in length before treatment begins
  • intervention phase is staggered across separate designs
  • evidence that treatment is effective
22
Q

multiple baseline across subjects

A

applied to diff people
- nurse wearing protective gloves with HIV-pos patients

23
Q

multiple baseline across behaviors

A

apply treatment to several diff target behaviors
- pronounciation of th, z, zh

24
Q

multiple baseline across settings

A

apply in diff settings
- stuttering at home, work, public

25
pros of multiple baseline
no reversals if behavior occurs only when B phase starts in each condition so can conclude result was intervention
26
con of multiple baseline
treatment can spread across subjects, behaviors, settings during baseline
27
alternating treatments design
- multielement design - baseline and treatment applied in rapid succession - extraneous factors could affect results can be counterbalanced - treatment effects shown by fractionation - little overlap
28
what is fractionation?
consistent vertical separation between treatment curves - one point connects 2 lines in treatment
29
pros of alternating treatment
extraneous variables less of effect evaluates effects of diff treatments
30
con of alternating treatment
treatments can interact with each other
31
changing-criterion design
- criterion for successful treatment progressively changes - uses A-B design - goal for target behavior changes in treatment - reaches level and then changes it - work up to where they want to be
32
example of changing criterion
less caffeine = earn money, drank more = lost money. level below criterion because behavior changed each time performance criterion changes showing a function relationship
33
which design is the most complex?
changing-criterion
34
pros of changing-criterion
well-suited to behaviors that can be approximated gradually
35
cons of changing-criterion
unsuitable for behavior that may not change gradually
36
what are the features used to evaluate behavior change?
level trend variability
37
level
how high or low data are on y-axis - lower level in intervention shows intervention was successful
38
trend
exists when behavior is increasing across a phase or decreasing across phase - need data stable within phase before changing
39
variability
how high and low data points are away from the mean level in phase
40
low variability
data points are still close to the mean level in phase
41
high variability
many data points are far above and far below the means
42
it is easier to identify level difference between phases when there is high or low variability?
low