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Psych 282 > Topic 13 > Flashcards

Topic 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

functional assessment

A

set of procedures that allow relationships between behavior and its antecedents and consequences to be determined
- functional behavior assessment (FBA)
- first step in using b-mod procedures to decrease problem behaviors
- behavior as a function of environmental variables
- helps you determine why problem behavior is occurring

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2
Q

what are the categories of info provided by FBA?

A
  • objective description of antecedents
  • objective description of problem behaviors
  • objective description of consequences
  • motivational variables
  • potential reinforcers
  • potential alternative/competing behaviors
  • effectiveness of previous interventions
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3
Q

functions of problem behaviors

A

negative reinforcement - escape
positive reinforcement - social, automatic, tangible, activity

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4
Q

social positive reinforcement

A

reinforcement provided by another person
- make behavior more likely to occur

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5
Q

social negative reinforcement

A

target behaviors maintained by neg reinforcement that is mediated by another person
- escape or avoid behavior or outcome

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6
Q

automatic positive reinforcement

A

target behavior not mediated by another person, automatically results in reinforcement
- behavior produces positively reinforcing consequence automatically and behavior is strengthened

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7
Q

automatic neg reinforcement

A
  • target behavior automatically reduces or eliminates aversive stimulus as a consequence of behavior and it is strengthened
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8
Q

tangible

A

reinforcer is a physical item

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9
Q

activity

A

reinforcement involves access to an acitivty

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10
Q

indirect methods

A
  • informant assessment
  • data on antecedents, behaviors and consequences are collected from target person or others who know them well based on memory of what happened
  • interviews, rating scales
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11
Q

interview

A
  • generate info from informant that is clear and objective
  • info about problem behavior, A and C should describe environmental events without inferences or interpretation
  • does not provide objective info
  • goal: generate info on problem b, a and c that allows to form hypothesis about controlling variables
  • conduct with multiple informants to find consensus
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12
Q

pros and cons of indirect methods

A

pros: fast and easy
cons: less accurate, only correlation between A/C and B

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13
Q

direct observation methods

A
  • descriptive assessment
  • data on A, B and C is gathered as behavior occurs in natural enviro
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14
Q

unstructured direct method

A

observations are made without altering events in enviro in any way

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15
Q

structured direct observation

A

specific antecedents in enviro are systematically manipulated, results are recorded and consequences are not altered

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16
Q

scatterplot analysis

A

recording period is divided into intervals, every 30 min, if behavior has occurred, one cell of grid is shaded in

17
Q

ABC observations

A

record ABC under normal conditions as they occur
- immediate A and C associated with problem behavior under normal conditions
- descriptive method uses an ABC sheet
- checklist method
- interval (real-time) recording method

18
Q

pros and cons of ABC

A

pro: more accurate
con: more work/time to record and summarize, only correlation between A/C and B

19
Q

experimental methods

A
  • functional analysis
  • experimenter systematically manipulates A and C to determine effect on target behavior in structured situation
  • compare test and control conditions to determine if there’s an effect
20
Q

test conditions

A

present different EO and possible reinforcer for problem behavior in each condition

21
Q

control conditions

A

present AO for same reinforcer and withhold possible reinforcers for problem behavior

22
Q

exploratory

A

determine patterns of relationships that are not yet clear
- eval range of possible reinforcing consequences designed to identify particular function of problem behavior while ruling out other functions

23
Q

hypothesis testing

A

confirms predictions from informant or descriptive assessment
- one test and one control
test: presents hypothesized EO
control: hypothesized AO, if problem behavior occurs then does not provide hypothesized reinforcer

24
Q

interview informed synthesized contingency analysis

A
  • interview to identify idiosyncratic A and C related to problem behavior followed by brief observation to confirm info from interview
  • used to develop functional analysis test and control conditions that manipulate variables to demonstrate effect
  • helps individualize test and control of subsequent functional analysis
  • less time
25
Q

pros and cons of experimental methods

A

pro: cause and effect
con: more time and expertise

26
Q

how difficult is it to learn to do functional analysis?

A
  • Iwata
  • undergrads played role of therapist and performed functional analysis
  • mean- 69.9 correct
  • trained and took quz
  • below 90 got more training
  • 97.5% correct
  • Najdowski
  • jack with autism only ate certain foods and mother had to do functional analysis
    paired HPF with NPF
  • escape: demanded using 3-step prompting for eating NPFs along with praise
27
Q

how to conduct functional assessment?

A
  • use indirect methods- interview
  • formulate hypothesis about A and C of B
  • perform direct observation
  • determine if data from direct supports hypothesis or needs to be modified
  • if all assessments are consistent then develop behavior support plan that addresses function of behavior
  • if assessments are inconsistent, then conduct functional analysis to confirm hypothesis
28
Q

what comes after functional assessment?

A
  • develop a behavior support plan or behavior intervention plans
29
Q

what does a behavior support plan consist of?

A
  • summary of data gathered (ABC)
  • hypothesis of function and results of assessment and analysis
  • functional intervention (behavior treatment program)- choose procedures for behavior change and support
30
Q

functional intervention

A
  • designed to alter the A and C of the problem behavior to decrease the problem behavior and increase desirable alternative behaviors
  • includes extinction, differential reinforcement and antecendent interventions

Psych 282 (16 decks)

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