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Psych 282 > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is experimental analysis of behavior methodology?

A
  • dependent variable
  • repeated or continuous measurement
  • within-subject experimental design
  • visual analysis of graphed data
  • description of functional relations driven by data
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2
Q

dependent variable in EAB

A

rate or frequency of response

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3
Q

within-subject

A

one person’s response compared to their own response in a diff situation/ at another time

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4
Q

4 phases of b-mod program

A
  1. screening or intake
  2. preprogram assessment or baseline
  3. treatment phase
  4. follow-up
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5
Q

screening or intake phase

A

obtain client info
- b-mod for them
- policies and procedures
- screen for crisis
- diagnose according to Diagnostic and Stat Manual for Mental Disorders

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6
Q

preprogram assessment or baseline phase

A

define and measure initial “baseline” level

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7
Q

treatment phase

A

apply training, intervention or treatment

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8
Q

follow-up phase

A

determine effects on behavior termination of treatment program

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9
Q

what is behavioral assessment?

A

measuring target behaviour of a client

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10
Q

who is assessed in behavioural assessment?

A

target client
- person-first language

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11
Q

who is the observer in behavioural assessment?

A

professional
layperson (coach, teacher)
observe oneself
problems: poorly trained, biased, unmotivated

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12
Q

what is the behaviour in behavioural assessment?

A

target behaviour
behavioural goal
outcome goal

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13
Q

target behaviour

A

behaviour wanting to change (what)

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14
Q

behavioural goal

A

level of behaviour program designed to achieve

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15
Q

outcome goal

A

broad, abstract result wishing to attain (why)

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16
Q

how is the behaviour measured in behavioural assessment?

A

defined and quantified
- describe objectively, avoid labels
- use active verbs
- no inference about internal states or motivation
- defined so multiple people can agree (interobserver agreement)

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17
Q

frequency

A

number of responses in a given period

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18
Q

duration

A

length of time of behaviour

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19
Q

latency

A

time between an antecedent stimulus or event and onset of behaviour

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20
Q

intensity

A

assesses strength of behaviour (rating scale)

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21
Q

product recording

A

measure tangible output of behaviour, if it cannot be observed or measured

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22
Q

quality

A

arbitrary judgement of social value; may use rating scale

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23
Q

operational definition

A

precise, objective definition of a term by specifying operation researcher or observer made to measure it (how)

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24
Q

how is behaviour recorded?

A

direct
indirect

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25
direct assessment
antecedents, target behaviour, consequences - observes and records target behavior as it occurs - by oneself, self-monitoring - in same room as client or secretly watching
26
indirect assessment
second-hand (third hand) remembered info - questionnaires, rating scales - role-playing - info from consulting prof - interviews w clients and significant others
27
what is the problem with indirect assessment?
- less accurate - observes may not be trained - memory is distorted - may be biased
28
what is the problem with direct assessment?
- more time consuming - observers need to be trained - cannot observe covert behaviorn
29
natural setting
observed in typical enviro for person - more representative
30
analogue setting
simulated location - can influence behavior making it not representative - more controlled - easy to manipulate variables
31
unstructured observation
observe without giving instructions, or altering events or activities
32
structured observation
while instructions are given or specific events planned to occur systematically
33
what do natural settings prevent?
accurate measurements
34
reactivity
- recording or measuring behaviour affects the occurrence of the behaviour - confounds cause and effect conclusions, may still be beneficial - may habituate over time - wait until perople being observed become accustomed to observer - record without people knowing they are being observed - record video
35
can reactivity be desirable?
yes. change their target behavior so they reach their goal
36
when are observations made?
continuous recording interval recording time sample recording
37
continuous recording
record every instance of behaviour during entire observation period - also called event recording - can work if similar duration and behaviour occurs at low rates - actual measure, good for self, impractical, impossible, labour-intensive
38
sampling methods
- discontinuous recording methods
39
what does one occurrence of frequency consist of?
one onset and offset
40
interval recording
record target behaviour within successive time intervals of equal duration - good for variable duration or high rates - divides observation into smaller time intervals - observed client through in consecutive intervals
41
what are the kinds of interval recording?
partial-interval recording whole- interval recording
42
partial-interval recording
record behaviour a max of once per interval, regardless of how many times it actually occurred
43
whole-interval recording
- only if it persists during the entire interval - long duration
44
pros/cons of interval
less demanding than continuous less sensitive to true occurrence of behaviour
45
time sample recording
record behaviour during brief intervals separated from each other in time
46
pros/cons of time sample recording
easiest less demanding more subject to sampling error
47
data sheets
record freq, duration, latency, or occurrence in intervals - antecedents and consequences of behaviour recorded - ABC observation data sheets - ABC observation checklists
48
interobserver agreement
statistic calculated to determine consistency in recording of target behavior - 2 people independently observe the same behavior and both record behavior that occur - highly consistent - IOA reveal biases - eval definition of target behavior
49
what does high IOA indicate?
observers that recorded the target behavior consistently
50
frequency calculation
small count/large count x 100 = IOA %
51
duration or latency calculation
time ratio short time/long time x 100 = IOA %
52
interval or time sample calculation
point-by-point A / A+D x 100 = IOA %
53
morals
own priciples
54
ethics
social system
55
what are the 6 client rights?
- therapeutic enviro - services whose overriding goal is personal welfare - proper treatment - teach functional skills - assessment and ongoing eval - most effective treatment
56
program eval determines what?
efficacy - dimensions of eval: (generalization and maintenance) - amount and importance of change: (clinical significance of change, social validity, social comparison, expert eval) - cost-benefit ratio
57
problems with assessments
side effects, trade-off, revenge effect
58
side effect
result is secondary to active treatment
59
trade-off
forgoing one desired aspect to gain another desired aspect
60
revenge effect
perverse incentive ironic, unintended consequence of treatment - cobra effect British gov't concerned with venom, bounty to kill each on, bred them for bounty, reward was terminated, farmers released them into wild to increase numbers
61
examples of revenge effects
- activity based anorexia anorexia nervosa and death - health halo effects subway is healthy but actually isnt and you order more unhealthy food thinking main is healthy - athletic performance and injury tech improves so more prone to injury bc you push harder risk compensation
62
steps needed to develop behavior recording plan
1. define target behavior 2. determine logistics of recording 3. choosing recording method 4. choosing recording instrument
63
does a behavior need to be observed and recorded before or after?
before
64
Iwata study
- decrease self-injurious behavior in children with intellectual disabilities - arm-biting - face hitting - head banging
65
Rogers-Warren study
- increase sharing in preschool kids - when one subject passed or handed a material to second subject, when subjects exchange materials or when 2+ subjects simultaneously used the same material
66
Allen and Stokes study
improve child behavior during dentist trips
67
Durand and Mindell
decrease nighttime tantrums
68
real-time recording
exact time of each onset and offset - frequency and duration and exact timing of each occurrence
69
how is insensity recorded?
measurement instrument or rating scale
70
percentage of opportunities
way of event recording - record occurrence of behavior in relation to some other event and reports results as percentage of opportunities in which behavior occurs
71
what is product recording?
- permanent product recording - indirect assessment used when a behavior results in a certain tangible outcome
72
benefit to product recording
observer does not have to be present when behavior occurs
73
con for product recording
cannot always determine who engage in the behavior that led to the product recorded
74
frequency-within-interval recording
freq and interval combined - record freq of target but does within consecutive intervals of time
75
momentary time sample recording
MTS - behavior recorded if it occurs at the exact instant the interval ends

Psych 282 (16 decks)

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