Topic 1 Flashcards
overt
objectively measurable
- verbal
- motor
covert
not observable by others
- “priv events”
- thoughts and feelings
target behaviour
behaviour to be modified (what)
response
one instance or occurrence of behavior (when)
response class
group of responses with the same function
- each response produces same effect (same consequences)
(get you where you want to be)
repertoire
collection of behaviours a person can perform
what is behaviour not?
- personality trait
- diagnostic label
- product of behaviour
what is the Dead Man Test?
if a dead man can do it, then it ain’t behaviour, and if a dead man can’t do it, then it is a behaviour
how can behaviour and environment interact?
- enviro can lead to certain behaviour
- behaviour can affect one’s enviro
- enviro consequences of behaviour can affect subsequent behaviour
psychology
scientific study of human behavior and mental processing
theoretical
conceptual thinking
experiemental
basic research, often with animals in a lab
applied
practical research and treatments to solve a problem, usually on people, in real world
behaviourism
philosophy of science of behavior
- behaviour is lawful and controlled by enviro events
experimental analysis of behaviour (EAB)
other name: behaviour analysis
- procedures based on behavioral principles
- basic scientific research on functional relationship b/w enviro events and resulting behavior
behaviour modification
application of experimentally derived laws of learning to human behaviour and providing behaviour analytic services to consumers
what is b-mod?
- analyzing relationship between enviro and behaviour
- changing enviro to help people modify behaviour
- reach goal of improving people’s lives
characteristics of b-mod
- defines problems in terms of measurable behaviour
- solutions evaluated in terms of those same behaviours
- treatment work by affecting enviro, stimuli, perceptible
- defined specifically
- based on scientific study of learning, 2 kinds of conditioning
- emphasis on scientific evidence in evaluating effectiveness of intervention
- does not rely on hypothetical constructs
- high importance on accountability for all
myths and misconceptions + rebuttals
rewards is bribery
- behaviours persist bc of reinforcement
ignore root cause and treat symptoms
- antecedent causes are important, root not always determined
dont dealing with thoughts/feelings
- can be applied to cognitions
applied only to simple problems
- works with all kinds
make people dependent on external incentives; ruins intrinsic motivation
- well-designed
only children and disabled
- applies to anyone
outdated
- gains new relevance for autism
dehumanizing methods
- ethics to prevent abuse
applied behaviour analysis
ABA
- knowledge about behaviour to reduce socially undesirable behaviours and increase desirable
- some think this is equivalent to applied behaviour analysis
- other replace b-mod for aba
- others see apa as category in b-mod: a) aba only operant conditioning b) apply respondent conditioning c) behaviour therapy, cog beh therapy
what does behaviour therapy treat?
dysfunctional behaviour
what was psych in 19th cen?
scientific study of conscious experience (in head)
criticism: not objective, unreliable
what was psych in 20th cen?
science of observable behaviour
Pavlov
respondent behaviour are involuntary
elicited by stimuli
- conditioned reflex
S-R psych: enviro events and stimuli affect response
Thorndike
law of effect: behaviour that has favourable outcome more likely to occur again in situation in future
- animal can modify behaviour
Watson
- founded behaviourism
- developed methodological behaviourism: study of behaviour alone, not of any internal state
- most human activities learned habits
- S-R model
Skinner
- radical behaviourism: Skinner’s philosophy on sci of behaviour
- distinction between respondent and operant conditioning
- goal: understand all behaviour
- S-R-S model: three-term contingency
Antecedent: stimulus
Behaviour: response
Consequence: reinforcement or punishment
private event
inside skin
no special properties
not directly accessible to others
influenced by same kinds of variables as publicly accessible behaviours
autism and intellectual/developmental disabilities
ASD
intellectual disability
- b-mod teaches variety of functional skills to overcome deficits
clinical behaviour analysis and cog behaviour therapies
eating disorder, anxiety, psych disorders
- behavior therapy
enviro sustainability
improve sustainability practices and behaviours
parenting
enuresis (bed-wetting)
oppositional behaviour
bad manners
tantrums
medical care
treatment compliance
brain injury rehab
health
healthy living
behavioural medicine or health psych: medical and behavioural sciences
regain normal function
promote compliance with rehab routines
teach new skills
decrease problem behaviors
manage chronic pain
improve memory
education
classroom management
programmed instruction
improved teaching methods
sport psych
coaching
applied sport psych to enhance performance
employment settings
increase productivity and safety via organizational beh management
self-management
apply b-mod
- control habits, health-related, prof and personal problems
is behaviour a static characteristic of a person?
no
analyzing
identifying functional relationship b/w enviro events and particular behavior to understand reasons for behavior or determine why a person behaved as they did
modifying
developing and implementing procedures to help people change their behaviour
- altering enviro events to influence behavior
what are the targets for change with b-mod procedures?
behavioral excess and deficits
behavioral excess
undesirable target behavior the person wants to decrease in freq, duration, intensity
behavioral deficit
desirable target behavior the person wants to increase in freq, duration, or intensity
token economy
motivational procedure for patients in diff settings
community psych
influence large number of people that will benefit everyone
- reduce littering
- increase recycling
- reduce energy consumption
- reduce unsafe driving
- reduce illegal drug
- safer driving
organizational behavior modification
other name: organizational behaviour management
- business, industry and human services
- improve work performance and job safety
- improve supervisor performance
- increase profit and satisfaction
prevention
in childhood
prevent abuse, abduction, accidents, neglect, infection, STD
- one aspect of community psych
gerontology
nursing homes and other facilities to manage behaviour
- deal with declining physical abilities, adjust to enviro, decrease problem behaviours arise from dementia, etc.
BACB
behaviour analyst certification board
- certificate for individuals to practice behavior analysis as a profession
association for behavior analysis
set of ethical guidelines for practice of behavior analysis
Telehealth
dr visit through video calling
DEI
diversity, equity and inclusion
work more effectively
- talk with children with autism about racism
- eval cultural variables when designing assessment and intervention approaches
- ethical practice of behavior modification with LGBTQIA+ and sexual/gender minority issues
