Topic 5: Part D

Question 1

Linoleic acid (c18:2n6) is an

Answer 1

omega-6 fatty acid

Question 2

Alpha-linolenic acid (c18:3n3)

Answer 2

omega-3 fatty acid

Question 3

Both fatty acids have been reported too..

Answer 3

protect against cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases

Question 4

What is ratio important factor fatty acids

Answer 4

ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

Question 5

3 main types of omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 5

• ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) – from plant sources

• EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) – from fish sources 
 

• DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) – from fish sources

Question 6

The low incidence of cardiovascular disease in Inuit population has been attributed to the…

Answer 6

high omega3-omega6 ratio in their diet which is based primarily on fish.

Question 7

Fish oil contains a high..

Answer 7

omega3-omega6 ratio and has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels

Question 8

Fish oil also lowered..

Answer 8

blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Question 9

Important food source of omega 3 fatty acid is..

Answer 9

flaxseed

Question 10

Some food products that have been enriched with omega-3 fatty acid includes..

Answer 10

margarines, bread, milk, orange juice, and eggs

Question 11

Ground flaxseed can …

Answer 11

lower cholesterol

Question 12

Potential benefits of EPA/DHA

Answer 12

• heart disease
• decrease serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels
• reported to protect against CVD and inflammatory disease
• relaxation of blood vessels (lowering of BP)
• may slow the hardening of arteries, slowing atherosclerosis
• cancer
• DHA helps the retina to form, important for normal vision development in infants

Question 13

Infant growth and development can be benefited from EPA/DHA because ..

Answer 13

DHA concentrates in the cortex of the brain, important for normal brain development in infants

Question 14

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Answer 14

two double bonds are separated by one single bond (-CH=CH-CH=CH-)

Question 15

In linoleic acid the two double bonds are separated by …

Answer 15

two single bonds (-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-)

Question 16

CLA is a …

Answer 16

natural fatty acid mostly found in meat of ruminants

Question 17

Animals that chew the cud contain more CLA than non ruminant meats because..

Answer 17

the stomach of ruminants convert LA to CLA which absorbed into animal tissue

Question 18

Non ruminants don’t have the bacteria that converts LA to CLA and

Answer 18

cannot produce CLA

Question 19

CLA is available in..

Answer 19

pills sold as over the counter products in grocery and drug stores

Question 20

CLA has been found to…

Answer 20

suppress atherosclerosis in blood vessels

Question 21

Potential anti-carcinogenic effect of CLA has been shown in..

Answer 21

rats

Question 22

2000 survey determined that women with the most CLA in diets had a …

Answer 22

60% reduction in the risk of breast cancer

Question 23

CLA has been shown to reduce ..

Answer 23

fat mass and preserve muscle tissue in rats but human benefit hasn’t been completely demonstrated

Question 24

CLA lowers insulin resistance which may help …

Answer 24

prevent adult-onset of diabetes

Question 25

CLA enhances ..

Answer 25

immunity and resistance to infections