Topic 5: Communication And Documentation Flashcards
What is graphic scale?
The ratio of a measuring unit to the fullsize item it represents
What is a scale?
Instrument used in manual drafting that facilitates making and reading scaled drawings
What are the three types of scales?
- Architects scale: uses fractions of an inch to represent feet and inches
- Metric scale: graduated proportions such as 1:50 (1 unit on paper = 50 units real life)
- Engineers scale: indicates feet and fractions of a foot and uses scales such as 1in = 40 ft
What are the two main parts of an architects scale?
-One end of a 1 foot segment marked off into fine graduations representing fractions of an inch
- remaining of scale marked off in full foot increments
ADD PIC 22-3
What is 1/4” scale in metric? What is typically drawn at this scales
1: 50 -floor plans, simple elevations, building sections
What is 1/2” scale in metric? What is typically drawn to this scale?
1: 20 -enlarged floor plan, complex elevations
Why should 3/32” and 3/16” scales never be used?
Visually they are too close to 1/8” and 1/4”
What is a graphic scale? When is it used?
A graphic scale is a band of alternating light and dark portions, each of which represents a certain length - these are used when a drawing with a written scale is going to be reproduced at a different size where the written scale will no longer be accurate
ADD PIC PG 22-4
What is an orthographic drawing?
Use orthographic projections so a three-dimensional object may be represented in two dimensions
What is an orthographic projection?
A view of an object seen as though all the viewers line of sight were simultaneously perpendicular to every point on the nearest face of the object
ADD PIC OF 22-5
What is a plan (in sense of the drawing)?
An orthographic view of an object (building) as seen directly from above
What height is a floor plan sectioned at? Why?
5 feet above floor - this height allows window and door openings be seen
What is a reflected ceiling plan?
An orthographic view of the ceiling as though there was a mirror on floor reflecting the ceiling
Why is it important to draw ceiling plans as “reflected”?
So that the orientation of the ceiling is identical to the floor plan
What is un elevation?
An orthographic view of the side of an object
What information is typically captured in elevations
Vertical dimensions, type and extent of materials, some horizontal dimensions such as cabinet widths or wall panel joints
What is a section?
An orthographic view of an object after it has been cut and one portion has been removed
Why are sections often called details by interior designers?
Because they commonly show complex construction information at a large scale
What is a poché?
A graphic pattern or a solid black fill used in drawings indicate certain material, construction, and avoid confusion
What is an axonometric drawing?
Is a view of an object inclined to the picture plane in such n way that the 3 primary axes are foreshortened
What are the 3 types of axxonometric drawings?
- Isometric: 3d view of an object in which the object is tilted in relation to picture plan -the 3 principle axes make equal angles with picture plan (one vertical axis, two horizontal axis at 30°)
- Diametric: 2 of the principle axes are equally foreshortened
- Trimetric: all 3 principle axes are foreshortened
ADD PIC 22-9
What is an oblique drawing?
A three dimensions view of an object where one plane is parallel to the picture plane while the third axis is oblique
One plane on an oblique object is alway to true shape and scale
ADD PIC PG 22-10
Can an oblique drawing be tilted on the picture plane?
Yes, as long as one plane of the object has its walls 90° to each other
ADD PIC PG 22-11
What is the most accurate two-dimensial representation of the three-dimensional world?
Perspective drawings
What is the principle of convergence used in perspective drawings?
The apparent diminishing size of objects as they get further away from the eye
What is the difference between one-point-perspective and two-point-perspective?
One-point-perspective point of view is perpendicular to one of the planes, lines vanish to a singular vanishing point
Two-point-perspective point of view is not perpendicular to any of the planes, lines vanish to two vanishing points
What are the two types of models that can be built for a project?
Presentation model (very detailed & accurate) and study or working model (rough model used by designers to aid in the understanding of the 3D span
What are the goals of a programming report?
To elicit client comments on the conclusion and get approval so design can proceed
What are the 3 methods of electronic presentations
- Face-to-face
- Virtual (teleconferencing/zoom)
- Internet (pre recorded presentation to be viewed at clients convenience)
What is an efficiency factor?
Mathematical ratio of one area to another (gross area to net area). The more circulation and non-useable space, the lower the efficiency factor
What is “rentable area”
Tenants occupant area plus a load factor to account for shared portions of the area
How is estimated required occupant area calculated?
Dividing the net area (the actual occupant area required by the client to accommodate specific functions) by the efficiency factor
What is “occupant area”
The total portion of a building being activity used by a tenant
How is each tenants prorated share of common building determined?
At the discretion of the building owner - but there are guidelines they can follow
When an office lease only occupies a portion of a floor, how is the occupant area measured?
- If 50% of wall is glass, measured from inside of glass surface. Less then 50%, measured from inside surface of exterior wall
- to centreline of demising walls
- inside face of corridor partitions
ADD PIC 23-6
What are the 3 systems used for sheet sizes?
Architectural, ANSI, ISO
ADD PIC PG. 23-8
What is a keynote
A note with an identifying number/symbol used in the drawing to minimize the space required on a drawing and can save time for repeating notes
What information should be on all title blocks?
- designers, consultants, owners names and contact information.
- project title and address
- project number
- area for professional stamps
- revision column
- sheet title and number
- ## drawn by, checked by, approved by
Who is responsible for ensuring all consultant drawings are coordinated? Iq
The person who has the design contract with client- larger projects may be architect, smaller may be interior designer
What is a one-line drawing?
A diagram representation of electrical system
What are the typical drawings from consultants can be needed on interior design project?
- Structural drawings
- Mechanical and plumbing
- Electrical
What is the typical sequence/order of drawings/sheets in an interior design package?
- Title and index sheet
- Floor plans
- Reflected ceiling plan
- Elevations
- Details
- Mechanical (HVAC and plumbing)
- Electrical
- Fire protection
How are sheets numbered in a construction package?
Page numbers are proceeded by a Capitol letter designating the discipline involved
A = architecture or interiors
E = electrical
FP = fire protection
I = interiors (used when separate drawing series is used by architects)
M = mechanical
P = plumbing
S = structural
How can drawing types be “grouped” together by sheet numbers?
Grouping drawing types by sheet number decimals
A1.1 , A1.2 ect where all A1 are floor plans but decimal is a different type of floor plan
How are high-rise buildings or building complex’s sheets numbered?
The sheet number is preceded by floor number or building section number ie. 54A1.2
What are the common types of floor plans included in an interior design construction package?
- Construction/partition plan
- Demolition plan
- Power and communication play
- Finishes plan
- Furniture plan
- Site plan
What items are commonly shown on a construction/partition plan?
- All walls
- existing construction to remain
-Elevation and detail indicators
-Room names - floor materials
-Millwork - plumbing fixtures
-Built in f ixtures - stairs
- special equipment
What is the purpose of an interior designers power and communication plan?
To indicate power locations so electrical engineer can events their drawings
What elements are shown on a reflected ceiling plan?
- Walls that extend to ceiling
- all lights
-Ceiling heights - ceiling finishes
- HVAC
-Sprinklers
-Access panels
-Anything else touching ceiling
What is difference between a section and a detail?
A section is a drawing of what an object would look if there was a straight cut through it, while a detail can be any type of drawing at a larger scale to show more detail
What is a schedule?
Shows information in a tabular format with rows and columns of data
What is a project manual?
A bound book containing all the contract and noncontract documents for a construction document
What are the 4 major divisors/parts of a project manual?
- Bidding requirements
- Contract forms
- General and supplementary conditions
- Technical specifications
What are the two broad categories of construction specifications? Describe them
- Prescriptive: tells exactly what product or material the contractor must use by brand name
- Performance: tells what results the final construction assembly must achieve
What is a proprietary specification?
Most restrictive - calls out a specific manufacturers product - no substitutions
What is a base-bid specification? (Equal specification)
Calls out a proprietary specification but allows equal substitutions
What are the pros and cons to proprietary and base-bid specifications?
Proprietary specifications give interior designer complete control over what is installed, but does not allow for competitive bidding
Base-bid specifications allow for more competitive bidding s but risky as contractor may think a spec is equal for substitution but is not
When using base-bid specifications, what can interior designer do to ensure design intent is achieved?
- List several approved manufactures the gc can bid with
- List spec as “approved equal”
What is a description specification?
A type of performance (open) specifications that gives detailed written requirements for the material or product and workmanship required
What is a reference standard specification?
A variation of descriptive specification type that describes a material, product, or process based on requirements set by an accepted authority or test method.ie. ANSI etc.
What is a pure performance specification
A statement setting criteria and results required of the item being specified
When are “pure performance specifications” often used?
Often for construction components to encourage new ways of achieving particular results
What a “master specification “ document?
Pre-written specifications that cover nearly all types of products, methods of install, and other variables that relate to specific project or construction activity
How does a designer use a “master specification “ document?
Use the master specification document (as a template) and edits out inapplicable portions and fills in project specific information
Why is using a “master specification “ document superior to the “cut and paste” method
Master specification document eliminates important information being lost or innapropiatly used if not edited properly when copied from a previous project
What is the master format system?
Standardizes the numbering and format of project related information for use in specifying, cost- estimation, and data filing
How does the “master format system” numberingsystem work?
System uses 6 -digit numbering for individual specification sections
First 2 numbers: represent division
Next 2 numbers: represents level 2 hierarchy
Next 2 numbers: represents level 3 hierarchy
This numbering system allows flexibility and expansions of new materials and technologies
ADD PIC 25-7
Master Format Division 00 is?
Procurement and contracting requirements
Master Format Division 01 is?
General requirements: requirements applicable to entire project or individual sections
Master Format Division 02 is?
Existing conditions
Master Format Division 03 is?
Concrete: all project aspects involving concrete such as forms, cast-in-place, precast, decks
Master Format Division 04 is?
Masonry: all aspects of project involving masonry
Master Format Division 05 is?
Metals: all project aspects involving structural metal, ornamental metal, and metal fabrications
Master Format Division 06 is?
Wood, plastics, and composites
Master Format Division 07 is?
Thermal and moisture protection
Master Format Division 08 is?
Openings
Master Format Division 09 is?
Finishes
Master Format Division 10 is?
Specialties: includes items not standard materials, typically small scale, multiples
Examples: visual display boards, lockers, corner guards
Master Format Division 11 is?
Equipment: items larger and more expensive than division 10
Master Format Division 12 is?
Furnishings
Master Format Division 13 is?
Special construction: large elements that can be thought of as “buildings within a building”
Examples: air-supported structures, clean rooms, saunas-planetariums, hot tubs
Master Format Division 14 is?
Conveying equipment: elevators, escalators, dumbwaiters etc.
What are all the master format system sub groups?
- General requirements sub group
- Facility construction sub group
- Facility service subgroup
- site and infrastructure subgroup
- process equipment subgroup
Master Format Division 21 is?
Fire suppression: includes detection and alarms, and all types of suppression systems
Master Format Division 22 is?
Plumbing
Master Format Division 23 is?
Heating, venting, air conditioning
Master Format Division 25 is?
Intergrated automation: technology for energy monitoring and control, environmental control, lighting control, etc.
Master Format Division 26 is?
Electrical
Master Format Division 27 is?
Communication
Master Format Division 28 is?
Electronic safety and security: intrusion deflection, security access, video surveillance, sound system
What is the “section Format” of the master format system?
The standard way for organizing any particular specification section in a three part format:
Part one: general requirements
Part two: details of product
Part three: details of execution
ADD CHART PG. 25-11
What sources can interior designers procure furniture from?
- Sale reps
- dealerships
- show rooms
- speciality shops
- manufacturer
What are the three ways interior designers can proceed after furniture has been specified and client approved?
- Hand of specs to dealers or rep who then assumes responsibility
- Interior designer acts as purchasing agent assumes responsibly and orders / coordinates furniture
- Interior designer acts as reseller by purchasing themselves and selling back to clients
