Topic 2 Flashcards
What is a lever?
A rigid bar that rotates around a fulcrum to apply a force to a load.
What is the role of the fulcrum in a lever system?
The fulcrum is the pivot point around which the lever rotates.
In the context of the body, what does the lever represent?
A bone.
What does the effort represent in a lever system within the body?
The force provided by muscles.
What is the load in a lever system?
The weight of the body part or object being moved.
What shape is used to represent the fulcrum in a lever system diagram?
A triangle.
What shape is used to represent the load in a lever system diagram?
A square.
What is the first class lever system?
The fulcrum is between the load and the effort.
What is the second class lever system?
The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
What is the third class lever system?
The effort is between the load and the fulcrum.
Give an example of a first class lever in the body.
Extending the arm at the elbow.
In the example of an attacking header in soccer, identify the components of the lever system.
Load: head, Fulcrum: atlas and axis joint, Effort: muscles providing movement.
What component of a lever system is represented by a square?
Load.
Fill in the blank: The effort in a lever system is represented by an _______.
arrow.
True or False: The arrangement of components in a lever system does not affect its class.
False.
What is the role of the gastrocnemius in a second class lever during calf raises?
It provides the effort to lift the body weight.
What does the term ‘lever system’ refer to?
A system consisting of a lever, fulcrum, effort, and load.
Identify the lever system used by a rower.
This requires a specific symbol-based identification.
What is the significance of sketching and labeling lever systems?
It aids in understanding and analyzing their function in sports and body mechanics.
What is the primary function of lever systems?
To move a load faster and further than possible without a lever and to move a heavier load than can be moved without a lever.
These functions are known as mechanical advantages.
What is a third class lever?
A lever where the effort is between the load and the fulcrum, such as a biceps curl.
In a biceps curl, the fulcrum is the elbow joint, the load is the weight being lifted, and the effort is provided by the biceps.
What are the three types of planes in human movement?
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal plane
- Transverse plane
These planes represent different directions in which movement occurs.
What mechanical advantage does a second class lever provide?
It provides force to lift heavy loads.
However, it has a small range of movement and cannot move the load quickly.
What is a mechanical disadvantage of the third class lever?
It requires greater force to move the load than the load itself.
This is due to the effort being closer to the fulcrum than the load.
How can you identify different lever systems?
By the component in the middle: fulcrum, load, or effort.
The rhyme ‘One, two, three’ helps to remember the order: ‘F’, ‘L’, ‘E’.
True or False: Third class levers are the most common lever systems in the human body.
True
Fill in the blank: In a biceps curl, the _______ is the elbow joint.
fulcrum
What should you remember when performing movements in relation to lever systems?
Movement should be around the fulcrum when performing actions.
This principle applies to various activities, such as trampolining.
Identify the lever system at the knee when kicking a ball.
Third class lever
What is the disadvantage of the lever system at the ball of the foot during a sprint start?
The load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort, limiting movement speed.
This mechanical disadvantage affects performance in sprinting.
What is a plane in the context of movement?
An imaginary line that movement direction occurs in.
What are the three different planes of movement?
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal plane
- Transverse plane
What does the sagittal plane divide?
The left and right side of the body, vertically.
What does the frontal plane divide?
The front and back of the body, vertically.
What does the transverse plane divide?
The top and bottom of the body, horizontally.
What is an axis in the context of movement?
A line about which the body/body part can turn.
What are the three different axes of movement?
- Sagittal axis
- Frontal axis
- Vertical axis
What direction does the sagittal axis go?
From front to back.
What direction does the frontal axis go?
From side to side.
What direction does the vertical axis go?
From top to bottom.
What is the relationship between the sagittal plane and the frontal axis?
Movement in the sagittal plane can only be around the frontal axis.
What is an example of movement in the sagittal plane?
Performing a front tuck somersault.
What is the relationship between the frontal plane and the sagittal axis?
Movement in the frontal plane can only be around the sagittal axis.
What is an example of movement in the frontal plane?
Performing a cartwheel.
What is the relationship between the transverse plane and the vertical axis?
Movement in the transverse plane can only be around the vertical axis.
What is an example of movement in the transverse plane?
Performing a full twist in trampolining.
Fill in the blank: The sagittal plane divides the body from _______.
[left to right]
Fill in the blank: The frontal plane divides the body from _______.
[top to bottom]
Fill in the blank: The vertical axis goes from _______.
[top to bottom]
True or False: The transverse plane is associated with the sagittal axis.
False
What is the only movement that can occur in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis?
Extension
Flexion and extension are the only movement possibilities in the sagittal plane.
What movements can occur in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis?
- Abduction
- Adduction
These movements are essential in various sports activities.
What is the definition of fitness?
The ability to respond to the demands of the environment
This includes performing daily activities effectively.
What is the definition of performance?
The execution of a task that can be evaluated
It encompasses whether the task was completed fluently or not.
What is the only movement that can occur in the transverse plane about the vertical axis?
- Rotation
- Twisting
This is commonly seen in gymnastics and other sports involving aerial maneuvers.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is performed in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis.
Somersault
Fill in the blank: A _______ is performed in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis.
Cartwheel
What are the two main movements possible in the sagittal plane?
- Flexion
- Extension
What is the primary axis for rotation in the transverse plane?
Vertical axis
Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?
Sagittal plane
Which plane divides the body into front and back?
Frontal plane
True or False: Rotation can occur in the sagittal plane.
False
Only flexion and extension are allowed in the sagittal plane.
What does the frontal axis do?
Goes from side to side
What does the sagittal axis do?
Goes from front to back
What is the movement possible in the sagittal plane?
- Flexion
- Extension
These movements are crucial for many physical activities.
Fill in the blank: A full twist is performed in the _______ plane about the vertical axis.
Transverse
List the movements that can occur in the transverse plane.
- Rotation
- Twisting
What is the definition of performance in the context of physical activity?
Completed task that can be evaluated
