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Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lever?

A

A rigid bar that rotates around a fulcrum to apply a force to a load.

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2
Q

What is the role of the fulcrum in a lever system?

A

The fulcrum is the pivot point around which the lever rotates.

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3
Q

In the context of the body, what does the lever represent?

A

A bone.

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4
Q

What does the effort represent in a lever system within the body?

A

The force provided by muscles.

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5
Q

What is the load in a lever system?

A

The weight of the body part or object being moved.

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6
Q

What shape is used to represent the fulcrum in a lever system diagram?

A

A triangle.

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7
Q

What shape is used to represent the load in a lever system diagram?

A

A square.

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8
Q

What is the first class lever system?

A

The fulcrum is between the load and the effort.

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9
Q

What is the second class lever system?

A

The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.

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10
Q

What is the third class lever system?

A

The effort is between the load and the fulcrum.

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11
Q

Give an example of a first class lever in the body.

A

Extending the arm at the elbow.

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12
Q

In the example of an attacking header in soccer, identify the components of the lever system.

A

Load: head, Fulcrum: atlas and axis joint, Effort: muscles providing movement.

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13
Q

What component of a lever system is represented by a square?

A

Load.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The effort in a lever system is represented by an _______.

A

arrow.

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15
Q

True or False: The arrangement of components in a lever system does not affect its class.

A

False.

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16
Q

What is the role of the gastrocnemius in a second class lever during calf raises?

A

It provides the effort to lift the body weight.

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17
Q

What does the term ‘lever system’ refer to?

A

A system consisting of a lever, fulcrum, effort, and load.

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18
Q

Identify the lever system used by a rower.

A

This requires a specific symbol-based identification.

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19
Q

What is the significance of sketching and labeling lever systems?

A

It aids in understanding and analyzing their function in sports and body mechanics.

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20
Q

What is the primary function of lever systems?

A

To move a load faster and further than possible without a lever and to move a heavier load than can be moved without a lever.

These functions are known as mechanical advantages.

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21
Q

What is a third class lever?

A

A lever where the effort is between the load and the fulcrum, such as a biceps curl.

In a biceps curl, the fulcrum is the elbow joint, the load is the weight being lifted, and the effort is provided by the biceps.

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22
Q

What are the three types of planes in human movement?

A
  • Sagittal plane
  • Frontal plane
  • Transverse plane

These planes represent different directions in which movement occurs.

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23
Q

What mechanical advantage does a second class lever provide?

A

It provides force to lift heavy loads.

However, it has a small range of movement and cannot move the load quickly.

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24
Q

What is a mechanical disadvantage of the third class lever?

A

It requires greater force to move the load than the load itself.

This is due to the effort being closer to the fulcrum than the load.

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25
Q

How can you identify different lever systems?

A

By the component in the middle: fulcrum, load, or effort.

The rhyme ‘One, two, three’ helps to remember the order: ‘F’, ‘L’, ‘E’.

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26
Q

True or False: Third class levers are the most common lever systems in the human body.

A

True

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: In a biceps curl, the _______ is the elbow joint.

A

fulcrum

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28
Q

What should you remember when performing movements in relation to lever systems?

A

Movement should be around the fulcrum when performing actions.

This principle applies to various activities, such as trampolining.

29
Q

Identify the lever system at the knee when kicking a ball.

A

Third class lever

30
Q

What is the disadvantage of the lever system at the ball of the foot during a sprint start?

A

The load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort, limiting movement speed.

This mechanical disadvantage affects performance in sprinting.

31
Q

What is a plane in the context of movement?

A

An imaginary line that movement direction occurs in.

32
Q

What are the three different planes of movement?

A
  • Sagittal plane
  • Frontal plane
  • Transverse plane
33
Q

What does the sagittal plane divide?

A

The left and right side of the body, vertically.

34
Q

What does the frontal plane divide?

A

The front and back of the body, vertically.

35
Q

What does the transverse plane divide?

A

The top and bottom of the body, horizontally.

36
Q

What is an axis in the context of movement?

A

A line about which the body/body part can turn.

37
Q

What are the three different axes of movement?

A
  • Sagittal axis
  • Frontal axis
  • Vertical axis
38
Q

What direction does the sagittal axis go?

A

From front to back.

39
Q

What direction does the frontal axis go?

A

From side to side.

40
Q

What direction does the vertical axis go?

A

From top to bottom.

41
Q

What is the relationship between the sagittal plane and the frontal axis?

A

Movement in the sagittal plane can only be around the frontal axis.

42
Q

What is an example of movement in the sagittal plane?

A

Performing a front tuck somersault.

43
Q

What is the relationship between the frontal plane and the sagittal axis?

A

Movement in the frontal plane can only be around the sagittal axis.

44
Q

What is an example of movement in the frontal plane?

A

Performing a cartwheel.

45
Q

What is the relationship between the transverse plane and the vertical axis?

A

Movement in the transverse plane can only be around the vertical axis.

46
Q

What is an example of movement in the transverse plane?

A

Performing a full twist in trampolining.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The sagittal plane divides the body from _______.

A

[left to right]

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The frontal plane divides the body from _______.

A

[top to bottom]

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The vertical axis goes from _______.

A

[top to bottom]

50
Q

True or False: The transverse plane is associated with the sagittal axis.

A

False

51
Q

What is the only movement that can occur in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis?

A

Extension

Flexion and extension are the only movement possibilities in the sagittal plane.

52
Q

What movements can occur in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis?

A
  • Abduction
  • Adduction

These movements are essential in various sports activities.

53
Q

What is the definition of fitness?

A

The ability to respond to the demands of the environment

This includes performing daily activities effectively.

54
Q

What is the definition of performance?

A

The execution of a task that can be evaluated

It encompasses whether the task was completed fluently or not.

55
Q

What is the only movement that can occur in the transverse plane about the vertical axis?

A
  • Rotation
  • Twisting

This is commonly seen in gymnastics and other sports involving aerial maneuvers.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is performed in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis.

A

Somersault

57
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is performed in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis.

A

Cartwheel

58
Q

What are the two main movements possible in the sagittal plane?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
59
Q

What is the primary axis for rotation in the transverse plane?

A

Vertical axis

60
Q

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

A

Sagittal plane

61
Q

Which plane divides the body into front and back?

A

Frontal plane

62
Q

True or False: Rotation can occur in the sagittal plane.

A

False

Only flexion and extension are allowed in the sagittal plane.

63
Q

What does the frontal axis do?

A

Goes from side to side

64
Q

What does the sagittal axis do?

A

Goes from front to back

65
Q

What is the movement possible in the sagittal plane?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension

These movements are crucial for many physical activities.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: A full twist is performed in the _______ plane about the vertical axis.

A

Transverse

67
Q

List the movements that can occur in the transverse plane.

A
  • Rotation
  • Twisting
68
Q

What is the definition of performance in the context of physical activity?

A

Completed task that can be evaluated

Pe (12 decks)

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