Pe Revsion Ai Flashcards
What are the types of bones?
- Short Bones
- Irregular Bones
- Long Bones
- Flat Bones
What is an example of a short bone?
Cranium
What connects bone to bone?
Ligaments
What connects bone to muscle?
Tendons
What is the function of the skeletal system?
- Protection of vital organs
- Muscle attachment
- Joints for movement
- Blood cell production
What does the cranium protect?
The brain
What type of joint allows a netballer to perform a chest pass?
Hinge joint
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
To allow blood to clot
What do red blood cells (RBC) carry?
Oxygen
What do white blood cells (WBC) fight against?
Infection
What is an example of a long bone?
Humerus
What is the role of calcium and phosphorus in bones?
To make bones strong
Fill in the blank: The _______ joint allows for rotation.
Pivot
What is the function of flat bones?
Protection of vital organs
What type of joint is found at the shoulder and hip?
Ball and Socket
What are the movements allowed by a ball and socket joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Circumduction
What type of bone is the patella?
Short bone
What muscle attaches to the foot to allow plantar flexion?
Gastrocnemius
True or False: The femur is a flat bone.
False
What is the role of tendons in the skeletal system?
To allow movement at a joint
What type of joint is the wrist?
Condyloid joint
What does the term ‘abduction’ refer to in joint movement?
Movement away from the midline of the body
What are the types of movement associated with hinge joints?
- Flexion
- Extension
What is an antagonistic muscle pair?
Two muscles that work together to cause movement; one muscle contracts while the other relaxes.
What is the agonist in muscle movement?
The muscle contracting which causes the movement.
What is the antagonist in muscle movement?
The muscle relaxing.
What is the agonist and antagonist in elbow flexion?
Agonist = bicep, Antagonist = triceps.
What is the agonist and antagonist in elbow extension?
Agonist = triceps, Antagonist = bicep.
What are the agonist and antagonist in knee flexion?
Agonist = hamstring, Antagonist = quadriceps.
What are the agonist and antagonist in knee extension?
Agonist = quadriceps, Antagonist = hamstring.
What are the agonist and antagonist in hip flexion?
Agonist = hip flexors, Antagonist = gluteus maximus.
What are the agonist and antagonist in hip extension?
Agonist = gluteus maximus, Antagonist = hip flexors.
What are the agonist and antagonist in plantar flexion?
Agonist = gastrocnemius, Antagonist = tibialis anterior.
What are the agonist and antagonist in dorsi-flexion?
Agonist = tibialis anterior, Antagonist = gastrocnemius.
What characterizes involuntary muscle?
Found in internal organs, unconsciously controlled.
What characterizes voluntary muscle?
Found in skeletal muscles, consciously controlled.
What is cardiac muscle?
Muscle that forms the heart, unconsciously controlled.
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Adducts arm.
What is the function of the biceps?
Flexion at the elbow.
What is the function of the abdominals?
Flexion and rotation of trunk.
What is the function of the external obliques?
Pulls chest down.
What is the function of the hip flexor?
Flexion at the hip.
What is the function of the quadriceps?
Extension at the knee.
What are the types of muscle fibers?
Type 1 (Slow twitch), Type 2a, Type 2X.
What is the function of the deltoid?
Abducts the arm at the shoulder.
What is the function of the trapezius?
Rotates the shoulder.
What is the function of the triceps?
Extension at the elbow.
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
Rotates upper arm.
What is the function of the gluteus maximus?
Extension of the hip.
What is the function of the hamstring?
Flexion at the knee.
What is the function of the tibialis anterior?
Dorsi-flexion at the ankle.
What is the function of the gastrocnemius?
Plantar-flexion at the ankle.
What are the characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?
Aerobic energy production, fatigue resistant, low force of contraction, small and red.
What are the characteristics of Type 2a muscle fibers?
Anaerobic energy production, medium force of contraction, medium sized.
What are the characteristics of Type 2X muscle fibers?
Anaerobic energy production, fatigue very quickly, high force of contraction, large and white.
What type of events are Type 1 muscle fibers used for?
Endurance events e.g. marathon running.
What type of events are Type 2a muscle fibers used for?
Longer duration higher intensity events e.g. 400m sprint.
What type of events are Type 2X muscle fibers used for?
Short duration high intensity events e.g. sprinting, shot put, long jump.
