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cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

the blood

A

transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

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2
Q

the blood vessels

A

to deliver blood to the organs and tissues in your body

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3
Q

the heart

A

sends blood throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen to every cell.

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4
Q

what are the five organs

A

heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs

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5
Q

transport of oxygen

A

the rbs will transport oxygen around the body in the blood it carried oxygen to the muscles and vital organs oxygen is needed in energy production for physical activity

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6
Q

transport of carbon dioxide

A

carbon dioxide is produced as a by product during energy production the cardiovascular system takes carbon dioxide away from the muscles to get rid of it from the body

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7
Q

transport of nutrients

A

nutrients are broken down from the food we eat and transported to the body in the blood

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8
Q

clotting of open wound

A

platelets that are transported in the blood help to clot wounds by gathering at the site and forming a lug to prevent blood loss clotting the blood is needed for example if a performer falls and grazes their knee so that they can stay on the field of play

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9
Q

regulations of body temperature

A

we get hot when we do physical activity because heat is a by-product of energy production we can also get cold when we physical activity outside in low temperature the body attempts to keep a constant temperature

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10
Q

when the body temperature rises

A

the blood vessels under our skin increases in diameter vasodilation to increase blood flow to the capillaries under the surface of the skin so heat can radiate from the skin

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11
Q

when the body temperature drops

A

the blood vessels under our skin decrease in diameter (vasoconstriction) to decrease blood flow to the capillaries under the surface of the skin so less heat is lost by radiation

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12
Q

the heat lable

A
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13
Q

right atrium receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood

A

deoxygenated

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14
Q

left atrium receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood

A

oxygenated

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15
Q

right ventricle receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood

A

deoxygenated

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16
Q

left ventricle receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood

A

oxygenated

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17
Q

what is the tricuspid

A

is on the right side of the heart between the right atrium and right ventricle

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18
Q

bicuspid valve

A

is on the left side of the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle

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19
Q

semilunar values

A

and between the ventricles and the pulmonary artery and vein

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20
Q

what is the septum

A

is the wall that separate left and right sides of the heart

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21
Q

what is the role of the vena cava

A

is the main vein bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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22
Q

what is the role aorta

A

is the main artery and carried oxygenated blood away fro the left ventricle

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23
Q

pulmonary artery

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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24
Q

pulmonary vein

A

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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25
Q

what are arteries

A
  • thick muscular and elastic wall
  • small internal diameter
    carry blood at a high pressure away fro the heart mainly oxygenated
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26
Q

relevance of arteries

A

blood pressure increases during exercise as the working muscle damed more oxygen increasing blood flow

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27
Q

capillaries

A

very thin walls only one cell thick
link smaller arteries with smaller veins

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28
Q

capillaries relevance

A

allow gasseous exchange wall are very thin to allow gasses and nutrients to pass through them

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29
Q

veins

A
  • thin walls
    -contain valves
  • large internal diameter
    functions
    carry blood at low pressure towards the heart mainly deoxygenated
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30
Q

veins relevance

A

veins carry deoxygenated blood from the muscles the wide internal diameter allows blood to pass through more easily

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31
Q

what is vascular shunting

A

when you exercise your working muscles need more oxygen oxygen attached to the red blood cells in the blood and carried to your active muscles

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32
Q

what increases in vascular shunting

A

heart rate and stroke volume

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33
Q

redirection of blood flow this is called

A

vascular shunting

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34
Q

what can happen to your digestive system while vascular shunting

A

blood can shunted away from the stomach this is why it is important that digestion is complete before you exercise

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35
Q

what is vasoconstriction

A

Vasoconstriction is a response to being too cold.

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36
Q

vasoconstriction

A

means that the blood vessel are contracted (squeezed) to make them smaller
- when sort the exercise chemical changes trigger signals from your nervous system

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37
Q

what is vasodilation

A

Vasodilation is a response to being too hot.

38
Q

vasodilation

A
  • vasodilation means that the blood vessels are dilated to make the bigger
  • when you start to exercise chemical changes trigger signals from your nervous system
39
Q

what are the 4 main components of blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platlets
plasma

40
Q

function of the plasma

A

transport blood cells

41
Q

function of platelets

A

help prevent cuts

42
Q

function of red blood cells

A

red blood cells carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

43
Q

function of white blood cells

A

infect against infections

44
Q

which one is more thicker right vertically for left vertically

A

left vertically has to pump blood with more fierce around the body

45
Q

what are plasma

A

is a pale straw coloured liquid it carried abc and abc platelets

46
Q

what do veins do

A

take blood towards the heart |

47
Q

name the The journey of blood around the body

A

Body tissues ➔ vena cava (deoxygenated )➔ right atrium (deoxygenated)➔ right ventricle(deoxygenated )➔ pulmonary artery (deoxygenated)➔ lungs (oxygenated )➔ pulmonary vein (oxygenated )➔ left atrium (oxygenated )➔ left ventricle (oxygenated)➔ aorta (oxygenated )➔ body tissues

48
Q

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

A

Aorta

49
Q

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

50
Q

Which statements is always true for veins?

A

They carry blood towards the heart

51
Q

Which statement is always true regarding arteries?

A

They carry blood away from the heart

52
Q

The ____________ arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

A

coronary

53
Q

what do artiest have small of

A

Luman

54
Q

name all three different types of blood vessel

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

55
Q

vena cava

A

is the main vein bringing
deoxygenated blood back to the heart so I can be pumped to the lungs to collect oxygen

56
Q

The right side of the heart has

A

deoxygenated blood in it

57
Q

what does dubble pump mean

A

it has two sides one that pumps oxygenated and one that pumps deoxygenated

58
Q

Which blood vessel carries to the heart

A

Vena cava pulmonary vein

59
Q

Cardio output calculation

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

60
Q

Explain why veins need values to fulfill their function

A

Veins need valves to fulfill their function because valves help prevent the backflow of blood. In the circulatory system

61
Q

explain the role of the capillaries in ensuring sufficient oxygen reaches the muscle for aerobic activity

A

represent the terminal points for oxygen delivery to the tissues by the circulation, as well as removal of metabolites from the active muscles

62
Q

explain how one characteristic of an artery makes it suitable for its role

A

they have an abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

63
Q

Transport of cardiovascular systems

A

The blood blood vessels
Transport of oxygen
Transport of carbon dioxide
Clotting of open wounds
Transport of nutrients
Regular body temperature

64
Q

Vascular shunting =

A

Process of redirecting blood

65
Q

Is vasconstrict inactive or active in vascular shunting = process of redirecting blood

A

Inactive areas of blood vasconstrict to reduce blood flow

66
Q

Is vasodilate inactive or active in vascular shunting = process of redirecting blood

A

Active areas of the body vasodilate to increase blood flow to these areas

67
Q

Redistribution of blood flow

A

During exercise, the cardiovascular system redistributes the blood so that more of it goes to the working muscles and less of it goes to other body organs such as the digestive system

68
Q

One of the functions of the cardiovascular system is to help regulate body temperature.

(c) Explain why the cardiovascular system needs to regulate a games player’s body temperature when they play sport.

A

Work rate increases during exercise(1)
therefore the performer will get hot(1)
so the performer’s CV system will redistribute blood flow to remove excess heat (1)
to allow them to maintain quality of performance /to prevent them overheating (1)

69
Q

During a game of basketball vascular shunting takes place. Describe what happens to blood flow during vascular shunting.

A

Blood flow is increased to active areas/blood is redistributed to
muscles/away from inactive areas (1) Increased by vasodilation/ widening of the internal
diameter/widening of the lumen of the blood vessel (1)
and reduced blood flow to inactive areas (1)
reduced by vasoconstriction/ narrowing of the internal
diameter/narrowing the lumen of the blood vessel. (1)

70
Q

Explain one reason why vascular shunting is necessary during a game of basketball.

A

Necessary to transport oxygen to muscles/the muscles
require oxygen/more oxygen (1)
so the player can continue to work aerobically/prevent anaerobic respiration/can break down lactic acid/remove lactate/prevent lactate accumulation
(1) so they are able to work at a higher intensity for longer/delay fatigue (1)

71
Q

Explain why platelets are important to athletes in contact sports such as boxing.

A

Platelets clot the blood/stem blood flow/form a scab (1)
so the boxer can continue (with the bout/training) (1)

72
Q

State the meaning of the term vasoconstriction.

A

Narrowing/decreasing/constriction of the (internal) diameter/lumen

73
Q

Why is vascular shunting important in exercise

A

During exercise, vascular shunting is essential because it helps direct blood flow to where it’s needed the most, like the muscles that are working hard.

74
Q

why is vascular shunting important DURING exercise

A

the cardiovascular system redistributes the blood so that more of it goes to the working muscles and less of it goes to other body organs such as the digestive system

75
Q

How is transport of oxygen good during exercise

A

During exercise, the transport of oxygen is crucial for providing the necessary oxygen to the muscles that are working hard. This oxygen is carried by red blood cells in the bloodstream from the lungs to the muscles.

76
Q

How is transport of carbon dioxide good during exercise

A

During exercise, the transport of carbon dioxide is important because it helps remove the waste product produced by muscles working hard. Carbon dioxide is carried by the bloodstream back to the lungs, where it is exhaled from the body

77
Q

How is clotting open wounds good during exercise

A

During exercise, clotting open wounds is important because it helps prevent excessive blood loss and promotes the healing process. When a wound occurs, the body initiates a clotting cascade to stop bleeding by forming a clot. This clot acts as a temporary seal over the wound, preventing further blood loss

78
Q

How is regulation of body temperature good during exercise

A

Regulation of body temperature during exercise is essential because it helps prevent overheating or hypothermia, ensuring that the body functions optimally during physical activity. By maintaining a stable body temperature

79
Q

How is transport of nutrients good during exercise

A

Transport of nutrients during exercise is beneficial because it provides the necessary energy and building blocks for the muscles to perform optimally. Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are carried through the bloodstream to the active muscles, supporting energy production and muscle repair

80
Q

What it called when your body rises

A

Vasodilation

81
Q

What are the effects on regular exercise on the cardiovascular system

A

Low risk of diseases regular exercise helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering blood pressure and increasing cholesterol levels

82
Q

What does vasodilation allow to flow through

A

Oxygenated blood to flow through

83
Q

How does vascular shunting affect performance in different types of physical activity

A

High tensity activities
E.g sprinting weightlifting rapid efficient vascular shunting help meet the sudden and high demands for oxygen nutrition

84
Q

How do arteries adapt during exercise

A

by dilating to increase blood flow to the working muscles. This dilation, also known as vasodilation, helps deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, enhancing their performance during physical activity

85
Q

How do capillaries adapt during exercise

A

Capillaries adapt during exercise by expanding to increase blood flow to the active muscles. This expansion allows for more efficient exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the surrounding tissues

86
Q

How do veins adapt during exercise

A

Veins adapt during exercise by constricting to help return blood to the heart more effectively. This constriction aids in maintaining proper blood flow and pressure, especially during physical activity when the demand for oxygen and nutrients is increased in the working muscles

87
Q

How does regular exercise affect plasma

A

Increases plasma volume enhancing blood flow and nutrients delivery to the muscle the increases of plasma volume also helps to maintain blood pressure

88
Q

How does regular exercise affect platelets

A

Exercise can help maintaining a healthy balance of platelets it can reduce the risk of abnormal clotting and improve and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease

89
Q

How does regular exercise affect rbc

A

It can stimulates the production of rbc this boots the oxygen carrying capacity of blood which improves stamina

90
Q

How does regular exercise affect wbc

A

by boosting the immune system and enhancing the body’s ability to fight off infections. Physical activity can increase the circulation of white blood cells in the body

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