cardiovascular system Flashcards
the blood
transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
the blood vessels
to deliver blood to the organs and tissues in your body
the heart
sends blood throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen to every cell.
what are the five organs
heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs
transport of oxygen
the rbs will transport oxygen around the body in the blood it carried oxygen to the muscles and vital organs oxygen is needed in energy production for physical activity
transport of carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide is produced as a by product during energy production the cardiovascular system takes carbon dioxide away from the muscles to get rid of it from the body
transport of nutrients
nutrients are broken down from the food we eat and transported to the body in the blood
clotting of open wound
platelets that are transported in the blood help to clot wounds by gathering at the site and forming a lug to prevent blood loss clotting the blood is needed for example if a performer falls and grazes their knee so that they can stay on the field of play
regulations of body temperature
we get hot when we do physical activity because heat is a by-product of energy production we can also get cold when we physical activity outside in low temperature the body attempts to keep a constant temperature
when the body temperature rises
the blood vessels under our skin increases in diameter vasodilation to increase blood flow to the capillaries under the surface of the skin so heat can radiate from the skin
when the body temperature drops
the blood vessels under our skin decrease in diameter (vasoconstriction) to decrease blood flow to the capillaries under the surface of the skin so less heat is lost by radiation
the heat lable
right atrium receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
deoxygenated
left atrium receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
oxygenated
right ventricle receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
deoxygenated
left ventricle receives deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
oxygenated
what is the tricuspid
is on the right side of the heart between the right atrium and right ventricle
bicuspid valve
is on the left side of the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle
semilunar values
and between the ventricles and the pulmonary artery and vein
what is the septum
is the wall that separate left and right sides of the heart
what is the role of the vena cava
is the main vein bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart
what is the role aorta
is the main artery and carried oxygenated blood away fro the left ventricle
pulmonary artery
receives deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary vein
brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
what are arteries
- thick muscular and elastic wall
- small internal diameter
carry blood at a high pressure away fro the heart mainly oxygenated
relevance of arteries
blood pressure increases during exercise as the working muscle damed more oxygen increasing blood flow
capillaries
very thin walls only one cell thick
link smaller arteries with smaller veins
capillaries relevance
allow gasseous exchange wall are very thin to allow gasses and nutrients to pass through them
veins
- thin walls
-contain valves - large internal diameter
functions
carry blood at low pressure towards the heart mainly deoxygenated
veins relevance
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the muscles the wide internal diameter allows blood to pass through more easily
what is vascular shunting
when you exercise your working muscles need more oxygen oxygen attached to the red blood cells in the blood and carried to your active muscles
what increases in vascular shunting
heart rate and stroke volume
redirection of blood flow this is called
vascular shunting
what can happen to your digestive system while vascular shunting
blood can shunted away from the stomach this is why it is important that digestion is complete before you exercise
what is vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is a response to being too cold.
vasoconstriction
means that the blood vessel are contracted (squeezed) to make them smaller
- when sort the exercise chemical changes trigger signals from your nervous system
what is vasodilation
Vasodilation is a response to being too hot.
vasodilation
- vasodilation means that the blood vessels are dilated to make the bigger
- when you start to exercise chemical changes trigger signals from your nervous system
what are the 4 main components of blood
red blood cells
white blood cells
platlets
plasma
function of the plasma
transport blood cells
function of platelets
help prevent cuts
function of red blood cells
red blood cells carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
function of white blood cells
infect against infections
which one is more thicker right vertically for left vertically
left vertically has to pump blood with more fierce around the body
what are plasma
is a pale straw coloured liquid it carried abc and abc platelets
what do veins do
take blood towards the heart |
name the The journey of blood around the body
Body tissues ➔ vena cava (deoxygenated )➔ right atrium (deoxygenated)➔ right ventricle(deoxygenated )➔ pulmonary artery (deoxygenated)➔ lungs (oxygenated )➔ pulmonary vein (oxygenated )➔ left atrium (oxygenated )➔ left ventricle (oxygenated)➔ aorta (oxygenated )➔ body tissues
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
Which statements is always true for veins?
They carry blood towards the heart
Which statement is always true regarding arteries?
They carry blood away from the heart
The ____________ arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
coronary
what do artiest have small of
Luman
name all three different types of blood vessel
arteries
capillaries
veins
vena cava
is the main vein bringing
deoxygenated blood back to the heart so I can be pumped to the lungs to collect oxygen
The right side of the heart has
deoxygenated blood in it
what does dubble pump mean
it has two sides one that pumps oxygenated and one that pumps deoxygenated
Which blood vessel carries to the heart
Vena cava pulmonary vein
Cardio output calculation
Stroke volume x heart rate
Explain why veins need values to fulfill their function
Veins need valves to fulfill their function because valves help prevent the backflow of blood. In the circulatory system
explain the role of the capillaries in ensuring sufficient oxygen reaches the muscle for aerobic activity
represent the terminal points for oxygen delivery to the tissues by the circulation, as well as removal of metabolites from the active muscles
explain how one characteristic of an artery makes it suitable for its role
they have an abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle
Transport of cardiovascular systems
The blood blood vessels
Transport of oxygen
Transport of carbon dioxide
Clotting of open wounds
Transport of nutrients
Regular body temperature
Vascular shunting =
Process of redirecting blood
Is vasconstrict inactive or active in vascular shunting = process of redirecting blood
Inactive areas of blood vasconstrict to reduce blood flow
Is vasodilate inactive or active in vascular shunting = process of redirecting blood
Active areas of the body vasodilate to increase blood flow to these areas
Redistribution of blood flow
During exercise, the cardiovascular system redistributes the blood so that more of it goes to the working muscles and less of it goes to other body organs such as the digestive system
One of the functions of the cardiovascular system is to help regulate body temperature.
(c) Explain why the cardiovascular system needs to regulate a games player’s body temperature when they play sport.
Work rate increases during exercise(1)
therefore the performer will get hot(1)
so the performer’s CV system will redistribute blood flow to remove excess heat (1)
to allow them to maintain quality of performance /to prevent them overheating (1)
During a game of basketball vascular shunting takes place. Describe what happens to blood flow during vascular shunting.
Blood flow is increased to active areas/blood is redistributed to
muscles/away from inactive areas (1) Increased by vasodilation/ widening of the internal
diameter/widening of the lumen of the blood vessel (1)
and reduced blood flow to inactive areas (1)
reduced by vasoconstriction/ narrowing of the internal
diameter/narrowing the lumen of the blood vessel. (1)
Explain one reason why vascular shunting is necessary during a game of basketball.
Necessary to transport oxygen to muscles/the muscles
require oxygen/more oxygen (1)
so the player can continue to work aerobically/prevent anaerobic respiration/can break down lactic acid/remove lactate/prevent lactate accumulation
(1) so they are able to work at a higher intensity for longer/delay fatigue (1)
Explain why platelets are important to athletes in contact sports such as boxing.
Platelets clot the blood/stem blood flow/form a scab (1)
so the boxer can continue (with the bout/training) (1)
State the meaning of the term vasoconstriction.
Narrowing/decreasing/constriction of the (internal) diameter/lumen
Why is vascular shunting important in exercise
During exercise, vascular shunting is essential because it helps direct blood flow to where it’s needed the most, like the muscles that are working hard.
why is vascular shunting important DURING exercise
the cardiovascular system redistributes the blood so that more of it goes to the working muscles and less of it goes to other body organs such as the digestive system
How is transport of oxygen good during exercise
During exercise, the transport of oxygen is crucial for providing the necessary oxygen to the muscles that are working hard. This oxygen is carried by red blood cells in the bloodstream from the lungs to the muscles.
How is transport of carbon dioxide good during exercise
During exercise, the transport of carbon dioxide is important because it helps remove the waste product produced by muscles working hard. Carbon dioxide is carried by the bloodstream back to the lungs, where it is exhaled from the body
How is clotting open wounds good during exercise
During exercise, clotting open wounds is important because it helps prevent excessive blood loss and promotes the healing process. When a wound occurs, the body initiates a clotting cascade to stop bleeding by forming a clot. This clot acts as a temporary seal over the wound, preventing further blood loss
How is regulation of body temperature good during exercise
Regulation of body temperature during exercise is essential because it helps prevent overheating or hypothermia, ensuring that the body functions optimally during physical activity. By maintaining a stable body temperature
How is transport of nutrients good during exercise
Transport of nutrients during exercise is beneficial because it provides the necessary energy and building blocks for the muscles to perform optimally. Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are carried through the bloodstream to the active muscles, supporting energy production and muscle repair
What it called when your body rises
Vasodilation
What are the effects on regular exercise on the cardiovascular system
Low risk of diseases regular exercise helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering blood pressure and increasing cholesterol levels
What does vasodilation allow to flow through
Oxygenated blood to flow through
How does vascular shunting affect performance in different types of physical activity
High tensity activities
E.g sprinting weightlifting rapid efficient vascular shunting help meet the sudden and high demands for oxygen nutrition
How do arteries adapt during exercise
by dilating to increase blood flow to the working muscles. This dilation, also known as vasodilation, helps deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, enhancing their performance during physical activity
How do capillaries adapt during exercise
Capillaries adapt during exercise by expanding to increase blood flow to the active muscles. This expansion allows for more efficient exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the surrounding tissues
How do veins adapt during exercise
Veins adapt during exercise by constricting to help return blood to the heart more effectively. This constriction aids in maintaining proper blood flow and pressure, especially during physical activity when the demand for oxygen and nutrients is increased in the working muscles
How does regular exercise affect plasma
Increases plasma volume enhancing blood flow and nutrients delivery to the muscle the increases of plasma volume also helps to maintain blood pressure
How does regular exercise affect platelets
Exercise can help maintaining a healthy balance of platelets it can reduce the risk of abnormal clotting and improve and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease
How does regular exercise affect rbc
It can stimulates the production of rbc this boots the oxygen carrying capacity of blood which improves stamina
How does regular exercise affect wbc
by boosting the immune system and enhancing the body’s ability to fight off infections. Physical activity can increase the circulation of white blood cells in the body
