Socio Cultural Influences Flashcards
What are participation rates?
The number of people taking part in physical activity.
Participation rates are a key indicator of community health and engagement in sports.
What does data refer to in the context of participation in sports?
Facts and statistics gathered together to provide information that is easier to see.
Data helps in understanding trends and participation patterns.
Define trends in relation to sports participation.
The general direction something is moving in (up, down or the same), for example, obesity levels in children.
Trends are often identified through analyzing data over time.
What is a socio-economic group?
A classification that splits people according to their job or profession.
Socio-economic groups can influence access to sports and physical activities.
What are the characteristics of the highest socio-economic group?
Professional or managerial jobs where people have a lot of responsibility.
This group typically has higher income and better access to resources.
What are the characteristics of the lowest socio-economic group?
Jobs with no or limited responsibility.
Individuals in this group often face more barriers to participation in sports.
List reasons for differences in participation rates in sports.
- Cost - some activities cost more than others
- Availability - some activities are harder to access
- Time - some activities require more time than people can afford due to work and family commitments.
Understanding these barriers is crucial for increasing participation.
True or False: The UK government aims to encourage all groups to do at least a minimum amount of exercise.
True
This initiative is part of public health efforts to improve overall health outcomes.
Fill in the blank: The trend shows an _______ in participation.
increase
Analyzing data from Sport England’s surveys reveals trends over time.
What is the significance of Sport England in analyzing participation?
They gather and analyze data to find out who participates in sport the most and why.
Their findings help shape policies and programs to enhance sports engagement.
What is one example of a sport that may have high membership costs?
Golf
Membership fees for golf clubs can be a barrier for many potential participants.
What is one example of an activity that may be difficult to access for some people?
Skiing
Skiing often requires travel to specific locations, which can be a barrier to participation.
What is the definition of gender in the context of participation?
Gender groups are determined by a person’s sex, that is whether a person is male or female.
List some reasons why men and women participate differently in sports.
- Nature of the activity
- Societal views on gender roles
- Participation barriers
What barriers might prevent individuals from participating in sports?
- Image concerns
- Cost
- Time constraints
How does age affect participation in sports?
People are split into groups based on their age, affecting their participation rates.
Identify a reason for lower participation rates in older age groups.
Less time due to work and family commitments.
Fill in the blank: Women generally earn less than _______.
[men]
What is a common misconception about gender and sports participation?
Some men do not want to do dance or play netball as they think these are female activities.
According to Sport England’s Active People Survey, what percentage of 16-25 year olds played sport once a week during April 2012 to 2013?
54.7 percent
What trend was observed in female participation rates between October 2011 and 2012?
Identify the trend in participation rates for females.
What factors can influence participation rates among different ethnic groups?
- Cultural influences
- Stereotyping
- Social pressures
What adaptations are available for people with disabilities in sports?
- Wheelchair tennis
- Adapted sports and sports facilities
True or False: Access to sports facilities is always equal for individuals with disabilities.
False
Fill in the blank: According to the survey, Pakistani participants made up _______ of the total.
[10%]
What is a reason for higher participation rates in certain ethnic groups?
Due to cultural influences and social networks.
Identify a potential challenge for a wheelchair user like Paul in participating in sports.
Limited access to facilities or adapted sessions.
What may restrict older individuals from participating in certain activities?
The nature of the activity may be more difficult for them.
List some barriers that could prevent younger individuals from participating in sports.
- Access to facilities
- Time due to part-time jobs
- Cost of participation
What does ethnicity refer to in the context of sports participation?
People are grouped based on their culture or specific origin
Ethnicity encompasses shared cultural traits and social practices among groups.
What are some reasons for differences in sports participation among ethnic groups?
- Cultural influences
- Stereotyping
- Cost
- Availability
These factors can either encourage or discourage participation in sports activities.
How does stereotyping affect sports participation?
People from particular backgrounds may be steered towards or away from certain activities
For example, individuals of African origin may be encouraged to compete in long-distance running rather than swimming.
What is a potential economic barrier to sports participation for ethnic minority groups?
Some individuals may have less money to spend on sport due to socio-economic grouping
An example is a Syrian refugee lacking funds to access expensive sports.
What influence does a person’s disability have on their choice of activity?
A person’s disability may influence their choice of activity
This may include the availability of adapted sports or the individual’s physical capabilities.
List two adapted activities available for people with disabilities.
- Wheelchair tennis
- Wheelchair rugby
These activities are designed to accommodate individuals with different types of disabilities.
What are some barriers to participation for individuals with disabilities?
- Cost of specialist equipment
- Access issues, such as lack of ramps or pool hoists
- Stereotyping by themselves or others
These barriers can significantly limit opportunities for disabled individuals to engage in sports.
What was the participation rate for Pakistani men in cricket according to the Sports Participation and Ethnicity in England National Survey 1999/2000?
Higher figures for the ethnic group ‘Pakistan’ could be due to stereotyping
This indicates that cultural encouragement may lead to higher participation in specific sports.
Fill in the blank: The lack of facilities or clubs in the area can lead to _______ in sports participation.
[access issues]
True or False: Stereotyping only affects the participation of individuals with disabilities.
False
Stereotyping can affect participation across various ethnic and ability groups.
What is the relationship between commercialisation, the media, and physical activity and sport commonly referred to as?
The golden triangle
This term emphasizes the mutual benefits each component provides to the others.
What do commercial organisations need to do?
Make a profit from the sale of goods, services, or events.
How can commercial organisations use sport and the media?
To get their product seen by millions via advertising, sponsorship, or endorsement.
List three forms of sponsorship.
- An individual (e.g., Rory McIlroy)
- A team (e.g., Manchester United FC)
- An event (e.g., Visa and the 2012 Olympics)
What do media providers need to provide entertainment?
Funding.
Why are commercial organisations interested in using the media?
To promote their products and reach millions of people.
What do media providers compete for?
Viewers.
What do both players/performers and the sport itself need funding for?
- Facilities
- Equipment
- Competitions
How can the media help promote sport?
By providing better opportunities for spectators.
Why do media providers fight for exclusive rights to televise particular events?
To attract commercial organisations interested in sponsoring events or buying advertising time.
What are two advantages for sponsors of sporting events?
- Increased awareness of brands
- Increased sales
True or False: The media can show advertisements during breaks in sporting events.
True.
Fill in the blank: Commercial organisations are interested in sponsoring events such as the _______.
[Olympic Games]
What can sponsorship provide for performers?
- Large income
- Better training opportunities
What may sponsors offer in return for athlete endorsements?
Large sums of money.
What is one reason why athletes want sponsorship?
To fund their training and performance.
What is the definition of commercialisation in sports?
The process of using sports as a platform to promote products and brands.
What are the advantages of commercialisation for sponsors?
- More media coverage
- Raised awareness of brands
- Increased sales
- Greater viewing numbers
- Higher status due to association with quality performance
How does commercialisation benefit sports?
- Increased media hype
- Higher profile of sport
- Increased funding from sponsors
- Development of grassroots to elite performers
- Better facilities for the sport
What advantages does commercialisation provide for players/performers?
- High income from sponsorships
- Ability to train full-time
- Access to top-quality products
What benefits do spectators gain from the commercialisation of sports?
- More coverage
- Access to top events
- Replays
- Red button choice
- Player cam
Fill in the blank: Commercialisation raises awareness of _______ to help increase participation.
[sports]
True or False: Increased funding from sponsors can be used to run events and develop better facilities.
True
Why might players like Lewis Hamilton seek sponsorship deals?
- Large income
- Top-quality products for performance
What kind of products can players receive from sponsorships?
- High-quality performance products
- Equipment related to their sport
List the types of media coverage benefits that commercialisation provides for spectators.
- More coverage
- Access to top events
- Replays
- Interactive options like red button choice
- Player cam
What is one example of a performer who benefits from commercialisation?
Lewis Hamilton
What are the disadvantages of commercialization for the sport?
- The player/team doesn’t perform well.
- Breaks in play for advertising purposes.
- Negative reporting can give the sport a bad reputation.
How can commercialization negatively affect players/performers?
- Event times may make conditions less favourable for performers.
- Withdrawal of sponsorship can cause financial difficulties.
- Required appearances take time away from training.
- Pressure to win at all costs to keep sponsorship.
What are the disadvantages of commercialization for spectators?
- High subscription cost for TV sports channels.
- Pay per view - need to pay again for certain matches/events.
- High cost of merchandise.
- Minority sports not shown.
Fill in the blank: The media dictating the start times of an event might be a disadvantage to the performers because it could be during the _______.
hottest part of the day
What can happen if a player becomes a bad role model?
- Cheating, violence, infidelity, racism can link sponsors to negative images.
- Decrease in participation in minority sports.
True or False: High subscription costs for TV sports channels can deter spectators from watching sports.
True
What is sportsmanship?
The type of behavior in sports that encourages respect and fair play.
List examples of good sportsmanship.
- Showing respect for opponents
- Shaking hands with opponents
- Kicking the ball out if an opponent is injured
- Being honest if the ball is out or if they break a rule.
Why is sportsmanship considered important in sports?
It creates good role models and promotes a positive image of the sport.
Fill in the blank: The pressure to win at all costs can lead to _______ behavior among players.
unethical
What are the consequences of negative reporting in sports?
- Loss of sponsorship
- Bad reputation for the sport.
What impact does minority sports receive from media coverage?
They get little media coverage and therefore lack sponsorship.
What is one disadvantage of the high cost of merchandise for spectators?
It can limit access to the sport.
Why might sponsors keep the best tickets for hospitality reasons?
To enhance their business relationships and networking opportunities.
What is sportsmanship?
Sportsmanship is the type of behaviour where players display good conduct and do not resort to trying to win by unfair means.
List three examples of sportsmanship.
- Shaking hands with opponents
- Showing respect for officials
- Kicking the ball out of play if an opponent is injured
What does shaking hands before a match signify?
It is considered a sign of good sportsmanship.
What are two advantages of sportsmanship?
- Good role models
- Positive image of the sport or activity
What is gamesmanship?
Gamesmanship is bending (but not breaking) the rules to gain an unfair advantage.
Give an example of gamesmanship.
Playing for time if winning.
What is sledging in cricket?
Sledging is when players verbally abuse their opponent to make them lose concentration and play badly.
What are two negative effects of gamesmanship?
- Bad role models
- Negative image of the sport or activity
Fill in the blank: Sportsmanship creates _______.
[satisfaction/pride - you know you won honestly]
True or False: Sportsmanship involves trying to win by gaining an unfair advantage.
False
State one reason why sportsmanship is better than gamesmanship.
Sportsmanship is better as the players are not trying to win by gaining an unfair advantage.
What is a potential disadvantage of being honest in sports?
Being honest may lead to a loss if an opponent breaks a rule.
Identify the sporting behaviour shown when a performer helps a member of the opposition who has cramp.
Sportsmanship
What is deviance in sport?
Deviance is unacceptable behaviour and is against the rules of sport. Examples include:
* cheating
* taking performance enhancing drugs
* violence (for example, biting)
* match fixing
* racism
* sexism
Deviance is often perceived as a violation of the ethical standards in sports.
What are the consequences of deviance in sport?
Consequences for deviance range from fairly lenient to severe. Examples include:
* red card/being sent off
* fines
* banned from playing
* loss of sponsors
* loss of reputation/bad role model
* prison (for match fixing, illegal drugs, grievous bodily harm)
The severity of consequences often depends on the nature of the deviant act.
Why do some elite performers resort to deviance?
Reasons elite performers may resort to deviance include:
* for prizes
* for fame
* for sponsorship
* for money
* to get promotion to higher team
* due to pressure from coach/peers
The competitive nature of sports can lead to unethical decisions as athletes seek to achieve their goals.
What measures are being taken to prevent deviance in sport?
Sporting organisations implement measures to prevent deviance, including:
* random drugs testing
* fair play awards (e.g., UEFA Respect Fair Play rankings, FA Respect and Fair Play Awards)
* campaigns (e.g., anti-drug, anti-racism)
These measures aim to promote integrity and fair play within sports.
Fill in the blank: Deviance is _______ and is unacceptable behaviour in sports.
cheating
True or False: Match fixing can lead to imprisonment.
True
Explain one consequence an elite performer could face if found guilty of match fixing.
They could get sent to prison for deliberately affecting the result as they (or others) could make money gambling on the outcome of the event.
Legal repercussions for match fixing can be severe due to its impact on the integrity of the sport.
State, using an example, why an elite performer might resort to cheating despite the consequences if caught.
An elite performer might cheat for money, for example, using performance-enhancing drugs to win a gold medal.
The allure of significant financial rewards can drive athletes to take risks despite the potential consequences.
What is the difference between massed practice and distributed practice?
Massed practice involves practicing a skill continuously without breaks, while distributed practice involves practicing over longer periods with breaks in between.
Beginners often benefit more from distributed practice to avoid fatigue and boredom.
How does the environment affect skill practice for Year 7 students?
The environment can be open or closed; in open environments, skills must adapt to changing conditions, while in closed environments, skills can be practiced in a stable setting.
Adjusting to different environments can enhance a student’s ability to perform under various conditions.
