topic 15:The branches and anastomoses-axillary artery.

Question 1

branches

Answer 1

First Part (Proximal to Pectoralis Minor)
Superior Thoracic Artery: Supplies the first and second intercostal spaces and the upper part of the serratus anterior.

Second Part (Posterior to Pectoralis Minor)
-Thoracoacromial Artery: A short trunk that branches into:
Pectoral Branch: Supplies the pectoral muscles.
-Acromial Branch: Supplies the deltoid and acromial area.
-Clavicular Branch: Supplies the subclavius muscle and the sternoclavicular joint.
-Deltoid Branch: Supplies the deltoid muscle and the skin overlying it.
-Lateral Thoracic Artery: Supplies the lateral aspect of the breast, the pectoralis major and minor, and the serratus anterior.

Third Part (Distal to Pectoralis Minor)
-Subscapular Artery: The largest branch, it further divides into:

Circumflex Scapular Artery: Supplies the scapular region and anastomoses with other scapular arteries.

Thoracodorsal Artery: Supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle.

Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery: Encircles the surgical neck of the humerus and supplies the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles.

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery: Travels with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space to supply the deltoid and shoulder joint. It anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery.

artery run from lateral border of 1st rib to inf. border of teres major

Question 2

anastomosis

Answer 2

1.Scapular Anastomosis: Involves the circumflex scapular artery, suprascapular artery (from the thyrocervical trunk), and the dorsal scapular artery (from the subclavian artery or the transverse cervical artery). This network ensures continuous blood supply to the scapular region, even if one artery is occluded.

2.Humeral Anastomosis: The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries form an anastomosis around the surgical neck of the humerus. This collateral circulation is crucial for maintaining blood flow to the shoulder joint and deltoid muscle.