topic 13

Question 1

what are the major arteries involved in systemic ciruclation

Answer 1

Aorta: The main artery leaving the heart.

Ascending Aorta: Gives rise to the coronary arteries.

Aortic Arch: Has three major branches:
-Brachiocephalic Trunk: Divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries.
-Left Common Carotid Artery: Supplies the left side of the head and neck.
-Left Subclavian Artery: Supplies the left upper limb.

Descending Aorta: Splits into the thoracic aorta (supplies chest organs) and the abdominal aorta (supplies abdominal organs).

Question 2

arterial branches of aorta

Answer 2

Subclavian Arteries: Supply blood to the upper limbs, with branches like the suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries.

Common Carotid Arteries: Divide into internal and external carotid arteries, supplying the head and neck.

Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric, and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries: Supply blood to the digestive organs.

Renal Arteries: Supply the kidneys.

Common Iliac Arteries: Bifurcate into internal and external iliac arteries, supplying the pelvis and lower limbs.

Question 3

major veins

Answer 3

-Superior Vena Cava: Returns blood from the upper body.

Formed by: The junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins.
Tributaries: Include the subclavian veins, which drain the upper limbs and parts of the neck and thorax.

-Inferior Vena Cava: Returns blood from the lower body.

Formed by: The junction of the right and left common iliac veins.
Tributaries: Include the renal veins, hepatic veins, and lumbar veins, draining the kidneys, liver, and lower torso.

-Subclavian Veins: Drain blood from the upper limbs.
Continuation of: The axillary veins at the lateral border of the first rib.
Join with: The internal jugular veins to form the brachiocephalic veins.

-Axillary Veins: Drain blood from the upper limbs.
Formed by: The convergence of the brachial veins and basilic veins at the lower border of the teres major muscle.