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SPORT SCIENCE > Topic 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Topic 1 Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the Axial Skeleton

A

The main function of the axial skeleton is protection

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2
Q

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton

A

The main function is movement

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth muscles

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4
Q

What is origin

A

The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

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5
Q

What is insertion

A

The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

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6
Q

What are the six main functions of the skeleton

A

Protection, Support and Structure, Movement, Storage and release of minerals, blood cell production and storage of energy

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7
Q

Characteristics of muscles

A

Contractibility, Extensibility, Elasticity, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Nerve stimuli and Fed by capillaries

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8
Q

What is atrophy and hypertrophy

A

Atrophy- Muscle wastage caused by lack of physical activity

Hypertrophy- Growth and increase of muscle size as a result of training

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9
Q

What is contractibility

A

Contractibility- The muscles contracts and generates force when stimulated by nerve

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10
Q

What is extensibility

A

The ability for muscle to extend beyond resting rate

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11
Q

What is elasticity

A

The muscles ability to return to resting length

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle factors

A

Heart muscles
Involuntary control
Striated muscle

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13
Q

Smooth muscle factors

A

Lines walls of organs and blood vessels
Involuntary
Not striated

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle factors

A

Voluntary control
Striated appearance
Tendons attach muscle to bone

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15
Q

Types of Joints

A

Hinge joint, Pivot Joint, Ball and socket joint, Condyloid joint, Saddle joint and Gliding joint

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16
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

Elbow

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17
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder

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18
Q

Example of Condyloid joint

A

Wrist

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19
Q

Gliding Joint example

A

Ankle

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20
Q

Saddle Joint example

A

Thumb

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21
Q

Function of long bone

A

Provide strength, structure and mobility

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22
Q

Function of short bone

A

Provide stability and fine movements

23
Q

Function of flat bones

A

Protect internal organs

24
Q

Function of irregular bones

A

More complexed shapes

25
Q

What is a joint

A

Where 2 or more bones come into contact with each other

26
Q

What is a Tendon

A

A connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

27
Q

What is a ligament

A

Connects two bones

28
Q

What is Cartilage

A

Resilient elastic tissue that covers the end of long bones reducing friction

29
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Synovial joints, Fibrous joints and Cartilaginous joints

30
Q

Synovial Joint

A

The most common joint and is most important joint for mobility eg knee

31
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Connects the edge of 2 bones allowing for no movement eg skull

32
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Allow for little movement and absorb shock eg Pelvis

33
Q

Inferior

A

Below/further away from head

34
Q

Superior-

A

Closer to your head

35
Q

Distal

A

Further away from where limb attached to body

36
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to where a limb is attached to the body

37
Q

Posterior

A

anything on the back half of the body

38
Q

Anterior

A

Anything on the front half of the body

39
Q

Internal

A

Inside the body

40
Q

External

A

Outside the body

41
Q

Lateral

A

Further away from the midline of the body

42
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline of the body

43
Q

DRAW A LONG BONE

A
44
Q

DRAW A SYNOVIAL JOINT

A
45
Q

DRAW THE STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

A
46
Q

Main function Protection

A

Protects soft tissue and vital organs

47
Q

Main function- Support and structure

A

Provides framework for the body

48
Q

Main function movement

A

Area for muscles to attach with tendons and joints allow different types of movement.

49
Q

Main function- Red cell production

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen to working muscles

50
Q

Main function-n- Storage of energy

A

Lipids are stored in bone marrow

51
Q

Main function- Storage and release of minerals

A

Bones store and release essential minerals contributing to bodily functions released into blood

52
Q

Examples of long bones

A

Femur, Humerus and Ulna

53
Q

Example of flat bones

A

Skull, Ribs

54
Q

Example of short bones

A

Carpals and Tarsals

SPORT SCIENCE (19 decks)

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