Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPORT SCIENCE > 5.3 > Flashcards

5.3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of learning

A

Learning is a relatively permanent change brought about by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of performance

A

Temporary occurrence which fluctuates over time. If it changes over time it suggests learning has taken place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference between learning and performance

A

Learning is a relatively permanent change brought about by experience while performance is a temporary occurrence and fluctuates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three stages of learning

A

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cognitive learning phase

A

The first stage of learning. Performer must focus on the basic fundamentals of the skill.

Lots of trial and error and the performer will require demonstrations explanations and feedback from coaches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Associative learning phase

A

The second stage of learning. The performer understands how to complete the skill and needs to focus on eliminating mistakes and improve memory trace between STM AND LTM

A vast improvement occurs as the performers accuracy, consistency and fluency improves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomous learning stage

A

The final stage of learning. Performer has embedded motor program into memory and can perform skill with little thought

Athlete now focuses on how to use this new skill to improve performance eg a skill move in football

This stage of learning isn’t permanent and requires the athlete to continue to practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four types of learning curves

A

Linear, Positive and Negative and Plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Linear learning curve

A

Practice is successful, motivation and focus is high with positive coach interactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Positive accelerated learning curve

A

The skill is slowly grasped and motivation grows and the athlete see an improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Negative accelerated learning curve

A

Initial high level of progress but is levelled out due to motivation decrease, fatigue or lack of coach feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plateau

A

Initial learning is fast but a plateau occurs down to lack of motivation, injury, lack of practice or the skill progression is to complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The 7 factors that affect the rate of learning

A

Physical maturation and fitness, Age, Difficulty of task, Teaching environment, motivation and coaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does physical maturation affect learning

A

Younger learners struggle processing information and will make a larger number of mistakes. As a learner matures motor plans are generated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does physical fitness affect learning

A

The level of fitness of an athlete can impact performance as a leaner can make decisions more effectively if they aren’t fatigued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Age affect learning

A

Physical Maturation, Emotional maturation and will affect progress. This hits a peak in the twenties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does difficulty of task affect learning

A

Progress is slower for complex tasks and the desired progress is only achieved if the athlete is motivated enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does Teaching environment affect learning

A

A safe teaching enviroment with limited distractions will have faster and more sustained progress because the athlete is focused.

19
Q

How does motivation affect learning

A

The strength of intrinsic motivation of an athlete is important in the rate of learning

20
Q

How does coaches affect learning

A

A coaching style might suit some athletes more than others depends on the relationship between coach and athlete.

21
Q

Definition of transfer

A

The influence of learning of one skill on the learning of another skill

22
Q

Can transfer of skills be positive and negative

A

YES
Positive transfer- Learning of another skills assists with the learning of another
Negative transfer- Learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill

23
Q

What are the 6 types of transfer

A

Skill to Skill, Practice to Performance, Abilities to skill, Bilateral, Stage to Stage and Principles to Skills

24
Q

Skill to skill with positive and negative example

A

Learning one skill and being able to transfer it to another skill

Positive- Racket sport being able to transfer hand eye coordination

Negative- Bent elbow in front crawl but straight arm bowling in cricket

25
Q

Practice to performance with positive and negative examples

A

Transferring skills learnt in practice into performance

Positive- A football player practicing shooting in isolation and and under pressure which can be transferred into performance

Negatives- Player practicing penalties without replicating pressure in a competitive situation

26
Q

Abilities to skill with positive and negatives

A

An athlete uses there own skills to perform a skill (gymnast balancing on beam)

Positive- Gymnasts require balance in a range of skills to do them effectively

Negatives- Some sprinters have to larger a muscle mass which hinders there ability as they are to heavy

27
Q

Bilateral with positive and negative

A

When the learning of a skill is transferred from one limb to another

Positive- A football player can transfer knowledge of passing with one foot to passing on the other foot

Negative- Golf is a unilateral sport meaning skills cant be transferred from one side limb to another as it would hinder performance

28
Q

Stage to Stage with positive and negatives

A

Skills learned in the cognitive phase being transferred to be further developed in the associative phase

Positive- A football player with practice can transfer a skill from the cognitive stage to the associative stage

Negative- Performance can be hindered in the autonomous phase if to much new info is provided to the athlete about how to use the skill

29
Q

Principle to skills with positives and negatives

A

Concepts from one sport can be transferred to another

Positive- A defender in football can transfer there defensive skills into hockey if they are given a principle of defensive plays

Negatives- A coach may not have provided enough examples so the attacker lacks variety of ways to perform a skill which can hinder success in a game

30
Q

The 3 types of teaching styles

A

Command, Reciprocal and Problem solving

31
Q

Command teaching style

A

The coach has full control. The performer doesn’t have a say in a training session. This is useful for beginners or if the skill in the session could be dangerous.

Negative is that it doesn’t allow the athlete to be independent and figure stuff out for themselves.

32
Q

Reciprocal teaching style

A

Skill being developed is decided by the coach however he allows the athlete to collaborate and offer there own opinions on how to perform the skill

This helps the performer confidence, leadership skills and intrinsic feedback

33
Q

Problem solving teaching style

A

The coach and athlete work together which encourages the athlete to be creative which develops there decison making, leadership and learning how to structure the learning of a skill

This training technique shouldn’t be used is theres a time restraint for learning the skill and is only for more advanced athletes

34
Q

What are the 5 types of practice

A

Distributed, Massed, Fixed, Variable and Mental

35
Q

Distributed practice

A

Intervals planned throughout the training session to allow for rest, feedback and mental rehearsal

36
Q

Massed practice

A

Continuous practice with no rest

37
Q

Fixed practice

A

Repeatedly practicing a skill to allow for skill development

38
Q

Variable practice

A

The environment is ever changing and practice has a variety of contexts which simulate match play

39
Q

Mental Practice

A

Preparation for a skill without performing it

40
Q

What are the different methods of presenting practice

A

Whole
Whole-Part-Whole
Progressive part
Part

41
Q

Whole

A

The whole skill is performed and the development takes place within the skill (advanced performers who need to practice skills in matches

42
Q

Whole-Part-Whole

A

The whole skill is presented to the athlete who attempts the skill. The coach then highlights issues and breaks down the skill to develop it and then return to the whole skill (eg golf swing)

43
Q

Progressive part

A

The skill is broken down into parts and are learned and gradually progress to form more complex parts (eg gymnast practicing parts of a routine)

44
Q

Part

A

Skill is broken down into parts and learned in isolation forming subroutines which can be used later on ( breathing, kicking, arm action in swimming)

SPORT SCIENCE (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions