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Top 100 Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Ludwig’s angina occurs in which area

A

Submental and Submandibular

Swelling of FOM, Upper airway

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2
Q

Histopathology of IFS

A

Fungal invasion into submucosal tissues and vessels, associated necrosis

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3
Q

Classic symptoms of PTA

A

Trismus, uvular deviation, muffled voice, soft palate edema

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4
Q

Elevated RF for OSA

A 
>65
BMI >30 kg/m2
Post-menopause
AA or Asian
Male
Neck >17 (m) >16 (f)
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5
Q

Mucor pathology

A

Non-septate, wide angle br

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6
Q

Aspergillus path

A

Septate, 45 br

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7
Q

Most common HA

A

Tension HA

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8
Q

Treatment persistent idiopathic facial pain

A

TCAs

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9
Q

Tongue papillae

A

Fungiform
Foliate (sides)
Circumvallate
Filiform (no buds)

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10
Q

Why hypopharyngeal cancer is worse than laryngeal

A

Frequent submucosal spread

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11
Q

Most common malignancy and neoplasm of thyroid

A

M: Papillary
N: Follicular adenoma

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12
Q

Most common H/N paraganglioma

A

Carotid body tumor

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13
Q

JNA classic presentation

A

Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, bluish mass

Expansion of PPF on axial view, widening of sphenopalatine and vidian foramina, bony destruction pterygoid process

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14
Q

Exposure risks for adenocarcinoma and SCC of sinuses

A

A: Wood, leather dust
S: chromium, nickel, mustard gas, aflatoxin

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15
Q

Ohngrens line

A

Medial canthus to angle of mandible, maxillary sinus tumors worse above line

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16
Q

Most common nerve affected in cavernous sinus

A

VI (most medial)

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17
Q

CSF production per hour

A

20 ml

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18
Q

Chandler classification

A 
I- preseptal cellulitis
II- orbital cellulitis
III- subperiosteal abscess
IV- orbital abscess
V- cavernous sinus thrombosis
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19
Q

Major tip support

A

Attachments between septum, Lower lats, upper lats

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20
Q

Minor tip support

A

Interdomal lig, dorsal septum, membranous septum, sesamoid complex, skin and SQ tissue of tip, maxillary spine

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21
Q

Nose changes u/l cleft

A

I/l LLC inf/Post/lat
Tip, caudal septum, columella towards non cleft side
Bony septum toward cleft

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22
Q

Most common complications of septal hematoma

A

Septal perforation, saddle nose

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23
Q

Symptoms of TSS

A

S Aureus

High T, low P, multiorgan failure
Rash, vomit, diarrhea

IV ABx

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24
Q

Keros Olfactory Fossa Depth

A

I: 1-3mm
II: 4-7mm
III: 8mm +

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25
Most common iatrogenic CSF leak during FESS
Lateral lamella cribiform
26
Cochlear tonotopy
Basilar membrane thick, stiff, narrow (higher f) Apex thin, flexible, wide (lower f)
27
4 most common causes CHL
Cerumen impaction OME (#1 in kids) TM perf Otosclerosis
28
3 most common causes SNHL
Presbycusis Noise Hereditary
29
Most common ototoxic meds
Aminoglycosides Cisplatin Loop D Salicylates
30
Pure Tone Average
Air conduction 500, 1000, 2000 (speech)
31
Alexander’s Law (Nystagmus)
Worse when gaze in direction of fast phase (right beating worsens on right gaze)
32
4 components of hearing aid
Microphone, amplifier, receiver, battery
33
Percentage of AOM bacteria susceptible to Amoxicillin
80% (if concurrent bact conj then most likely H Flu and resistant to amoxicillin)
34
When to do CWD mastoidectomy
SCC fistula, posterior canal wall damage due to cholesteatoma, sclerotic mastoid prevents visualization, unable to follow up or get more surgeries
35
Otosclerosis presentation and CT
20-40 progressive CHL (rare SNHL), FHx Remodel otic capsule, lose piston Action Otospongiosis, lucent temporal focus
36
Mechanism of passive upper eyelid closure
Relaxation of LPS
37
Most susceptible CN7 segment to entrapment neuropathy
Labyrinthine segment (narrowest portion of fallopian canal)
38
Symptoms of SCC dehiscence
CHL, aural fullness, vertigo, autophony
39
Portions of canal numb with acoustic neuroma compression
Posterior, Superior, Medial | Hitzelberger Sign
40
How long does it take for CSF leak to typically stop after T-bone fx
7 days
41
2 most common causes strider in children
Laryngomalacia | U/l VC paralysis (iatrogenic usually)
42
Lab test to distinguish hemangioma from vascular malformation
GLUT-1 positive hemang
43
Post-adenoidectomy VPI
Resolves 4-6 wk usually | If 2 mo persistent...pharyngeal flap
44
Bronchial cleft anomalies location relative to arch
Deep to own arch, superficial to subsequent arch
45
Cleft percentages
50% lip and palate 35% palate alone 15% lip alone Most common left unilateral
46
Internal nasal valve
Upper lats, septum, floor
47
Pollybeak deformity
Supratip fullness post-rhinoplasty due to loss of tip support, supratip scar tissue
48
Layers of eyelid A-P
``` Skin Orb Oc Septum Pre-aponeurotic fat Levator aponeurosis Muller’s muscle Conjunctiva ```
49
Toxicity of phenol chemical peels
Cardiac Apply to individual facial subunits in 15 min intervals
50
Facelift common complication and nerve injuries
Hematoma 10%, more common in men GA, Marg
51
Botox mechanism
Presynaptic NMJ | Prevent Ach release
52
Advantages of FTSG
Limits contraction | Better texture and color match
53
First color to lose (vision)
Red
54
Most common facial bone fx, site of jaw fx
Nasal | Angle
55
VC abductor
Post CA
56
Innervation of cricothyroid and interarytenoid
SLN Bilateral RLN
57
HPV types causing RRP
6, 11
58
Primary management of VC nodules
Voice therapy
59
Laryngeal EMG signs of denervation and reinnervation
De: fibrillation potentials, positive waves Re: polyphasic motor units
60
7 steps to handle airway fire
``` O2 off Saline (douse) Remove damaged tube Re-intubate IV steroids, ABx Bronch Delayed extubation, repeat bronchs ```
61
Pendred syndrome mutation
SLC26A4 Hearing loss, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, euthymic goiter
62
Sistrunk procedure key
Central hyoid resection | Resect tongue mm between hyoid and foramen cecum
63
C Diff antibiotics
Clindamycin Fluoro Cephalosporin Carbapenem
64
How to manage posterior nasal packing patient
Admit, telemetry, pulse ox
65
How long to wait for scar revision
At least 6-12 months (unless obvious concern not expected to improve) Usually improve spontaneously after 1-3 yr

ENT Secrets (79 decks)

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