Chapter 69 - Aerodigestive anatomy, embryology, radiology

Question 1

general function of extrinsic vs intrinsic laryngeal mm

Answer 1

Extrinsic: swallowing
Intrinsic: respiration, phonation

Question 2

Which layer allows vibratory properties of VC?

Answer 2

SLP (gelatinous matrix)

Question 3

in what order do the hyoid, thyroid cart and cricoid cart ossify?

Answer 3

None ossified at birth
hyoid (2) then thyroid cart (teens) then cricoid (20-30s)

Hyoid only one to eventually completely ossify

Question 4

what type of joint is the cricoarytenoid joint?

Answer 4

ball and socket

Question 5

which mm abducts the TVC?

Answer 5

posterior cricoarytenoid (only abductor)

Question 6

which intrinsic laryngeal mm has bilateral innervation?

Answer 6

interarytenoid

If RLN is cut, you can still see slight adduction of arytenoid cart due to contralateral innervation of the ipsilateral interarytenoid

Question 7

Which pharyngeal constrictors insert on the larynx?

Answer 7

Middle and inferior

Helps elevate larynx

Question 8

VC Adductors

Answer 8

Thyroarytenoid
Lat Cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoid

Question 9

Action of cricothyroid

Answer 9

Pivot thyroid cart anteriorly —> lengthen/tense VC —> higher pitch

Question 10

Significance of superior and inferior arcuate lines of larynx

Answer 10

Where squamous epithelium (overlies vibratory portion TVC) meets columnar respiratory epithelium

RRP occurs at these transition points

Question 11

Saccule

Answer 11

Extension of ventricle laterally and superiorlu (goes more superior than FVC laterally)

Question 12

Quadrangular membrane and conus elasticus

Answer 12

Q: epiglottis to FVC

C: TVC vocal ligament to superior cricoid cart

Question 13

Processes and function of arytenoid

Answer 13

Ball/Socket joint with cricoid (at base of arytenoid)
Rotate vertically and glide/tip anteromedially
Vocal process- vocal lig attach
Muscular process - intrinsic mm attach

Question 14

Nerve of Galen

Answer 14

Anastamosis between RLN and SLN

Allows some phonation via SLN

Question 15

Layers of VC

Answer 15

Strat Squa
SLP
Vocal ligament
Thyroarytenoid mm (vocalis)

Question 16

3rd branchial Arch larynx

Answer 16

IX
Greater cornu hyoid
Epiglottis

Question 17

4th Arch larynx

Answer 17

SLN
Thyroid cart
Cuneiform cart 
Cricopharygeus
Cricothyroid

Question 18

6th Arch larynx

Answer 18

RLN
Cricoid cart
Arytenoid cart
Corniculate cart
Intrinsic mm

Question 19

Cause of laryngeal cleft

Answer 19

Incomplete cleavage of laryngotracheal diverticulum from primitive esophagus …. esophagotracheal septum forms in cranial direction…stall leads to cleft