Chapter 58- Facial Analysis

Question 1

Nasal rotation

Answer 1

along arc from EAC

Increased is cephalic, derotate is caudal

Question 2

Pogonion vs Menton

Answer 2

Pog: most anterior point of chin, profile
Ment: lowest point of chin

Question 3

Frankfort Horizontal plane

Answer 3

approximate with line drawn from superior tragus to lower eyelid-cheek skin junction

Real line is superior EAC to inferior aspect of infraorbital rim on lateral view

Question 4

Facial plane

Answer 4

line from glabella to pogonion (most anterior forehead to most anterior chin)
Intersects Frankfurt plane at angle of 80-95 degrees

Question 5

zero meridian of Gonzales-Ulloa

Answer 5

perpendicular to Frankfurt
through nasion
pogonion should be within 5mm

Question 6

Nasofrontal Angle

Answer 6

115-135 deg
Glab –> Nasion
Nasion –> Tip

Question 7

Nasofacial angle

Answer 7

36 deg
Glab –> Pogo
Nasion –> Tip

Question 8

Nasolabial angle

Answer 8

90-95 m, 95-110 f
columella point (most ant part) –> subnasale
Subnasale –> labrale superiorus

Question 9

Nasomental angle

Answer 9

120-132 deg
4mm tip to labrale superiorus
2mm labrale sup to inf
nasion --> tip
tip --> pogonion

MOST IMPORTANT ANGLE! (tip projection, chin position)

Question 10

Mentocervical angle

Answer 10

80-95 deg
glabella –> pogonion
menton –> cervical point (between submental and neck, innermost)

Question 11

Rule of thirds (vertical nose)

Answer 11

Trichion –> Glabella = Glabella –> subnasale = Subnasale –> menton

Question 12

Rule of fifths (width)

Answer 12

Intercanthal distance = width of nose = lateral canthus to ear

Question 13

supratip break

Answer 13

ULC meet LLC

Tip should lead dorsum by 1-2mm

Question 14

double break in columella

Answer 14

1- tip turns posteriorly/inferiorly to infratip lobule

2- intratip lobule transition to flatter/more horz columella (this is where medial and intermediate crura meet)

Question 15

At what level should the nasion be

Answer 15

supratarsal crease

Question 16

ideal nasal base

Answer 16

columella: infratip lobule ratio 2:1 (height)
2-4 mm columellar show
lobule 75% width of nasal base
widest nostril portion at sill

Question 17

How to assess tip projection

Answer 17

0. 55-0.6:1 projection to dorsum length

2. 8:1 nasal height to tip projection

Question 18

Chin projection

Answer 18

Males: pogonion approximates vertical line from vermilion border lower lip. Females, pogonion is 2-3mm posterior

Underprojected chin –> perceived increase in nasal size

Question 19

How does prominent forehead affect perceived nasal size

Answer 19

Perceived decrease in nasal size

Question 20

2 ways to assess lip projection

Answer 20

line from subnasale to pogonion
Upper lip 3.5mm anterior, lower lip 2.2mm anterior

Line nasal tip to pogonion (nasomental)
Upper lip 2mm posterior, lower lip 4mm posterior

Question 21

Aesthetic eyebrow

Answer 21

medial start directly above ala
highest point at lat limbus/canthus
end @ oblique line from ala through lat canthus
medial and lateral aspects same horizontal plane
medial club shaped, taper laterally

Question 22

Female vs Male brow

Answer 22

F: thinner, more arched, positioned above supraorb rim
M: thicker, straighter, at supraorbital rim