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ENT Secrets > Chapter 9 - H/N anatomy, Embryology, Rads > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - H/N anatomy, Embryology, Rads Flashcards

1
Q

Branchial arch vs pouch

A

Arch - msk

Pouch- endothelium, glands

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2
Q

Most common cancer to metastasize to retropharyngeal LN

A

NPCa

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3
Q

How far RPS, Danger Sp, and PVS extend

A

SB to Mediastinum

SB to Diaphragm

Clivus to Coccyx

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4
Q

Contents of PPF

A

Maxillary artery/nerve

PPG

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5
Q

1st Branchial arch

A 
Mandible (body/ramus)
Sphenomandobular lig
Ant malleolar lig
Malleus (except manubrium)
Incus (except long process)

mm mastication, TT, TVP, AD, Mylo (V)

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6
Q

2nd Branchial Arch

A

Stylohyoid lig, Styloid pr
Mall manubrium, LP incus
Stapes
Body, less cornu hyoid

mm expression, PD, Stylohyoid, Stapedius (VII)

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7
Q

3rd Arch

A

Body, great cornu hyoid

Stylopharyngeus (IX)

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8
Q

4-6 Arch

mm pharynx (constrictors), upper 1/2 esophagus striated, larynx mm (X)

A

Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform Cart

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9
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch

A

Epithel middle ear, TM

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10
Q

2nd pouch

A

Epithel pal tonsil

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11
Q

3rd pouch

A

Sup: Inf parathyroid

Inf: thymus

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12
Q

4th pouch

A

Superior Parathyroid

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13
Q

5-6 pouches

A

Parafollicular (C) cells

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14
Q

First BC anomaly

A

All anomalies have sinuses that pass deep to associated aortic arch derivative
Second most common after 2
I- ectoderm, duplicate EAC, cyst A/I To lobule
II- ecto and mesoderm, si duplicates cartilage too, sinus below angle mandible, through parotid, Inf to EAC or into EAC at b/c jxn

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15
Q

Second BC anomaly

A

Most common (95%)

Below angle mand, ant border SCM
Sinus tract passes deep to ECA, stylohyoid, Dig
Superficial to ICA

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16
Q

Third BCA

A

Ant to SCM, lower in neck

Sinus tract deep to IX, ICA, Sup to X at thyrohyoid memb or piriform sinus

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17
Q

Fourth BCA

A

Left sided usually

Thyroid or paratracheal mass
Sinus tract deep to SLN, Sup to RLN

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18
Q

Oral Cavity Boundaries/Subsites

A

Vermillion Bord, H/S palate jxn, tonsillar pillars, circumvall pap

Lip, Oral tongue, buccal mucosa, FOM, HP, gingiva (alv ridge), RMT

19
Q

Nasopharynx Bound

A

Post NC, Sphenoid (Sup), 1/2 Vert, SP, Eustachian Tube, Torus Tub, Fossa Rosen (Lat)

20
Q

Oropharynx Bound, Subsites

A

OC, SP, Post Ph Wall, Hyoid

Sites: BOT (post 1/3), palatine tonsil, lat pharyngeal wall, SP, post pharyngeal wall

21
Q

Most common location for HPV SCCa

A

OP (tonsil, BOT)

22
Q

Bound/Site Hypopharynx

A

Larynx (ant), hyoid/pharyngoepiglottic folds, Retropharyngeal space, esophageal introitus (CP mm)
Sites: Piriform sinuses (inv pyramid, apex below cricoid, base at pharyngoepiglottic fold), postcricoid (ant wall hypoph), post pharyngeal wall

23
Q

Boundaries of Retropharyngeal Space

A

SB –> Mediastinum (trach bif)
BPF (lines post ph/esoph) –> Alar fascia
Carotid sheath (lat)

24
Q

Boundaries of Danger Space

A

SB –> Diaphragm
Alar –> PVF
TP vertebrae (lat)

25
Q

Boundaries of PVS

A

Clivus –> Coccyx
PVF –> VB
TP vertebrae (lat)

26
Q

Describe retropharyngeal lymphatics

A

Lateral (Rouviere): 1-3, 2-5mm, smaller in adults

Medial: Inferior, upp/low, absent in adults

27
Q

Triangles of Neck

A

Anterior: Submandibular, Submental (div by AD); Carotid, Muscular (div by Omo)

Posterior: Occipital, Supraclavicular (div by Omo)

28
Q

Level 1a LN

A

Mandible –> Hyoid
Mylohyoid superior
AD lateral

29
Q

Level 1b LN

A

Mandible –> PD

AD is ant/inf border

30
Q

Level II LN

A

SB –> Hyoid (Carotid Bif)
Post border SCM –> Lat border sternohyoid/stylohyoid mm
a= anterior to XI
b= post/sup to XI

31
Q

Level III LN

A

Hyoid (Carotid Bif) –> Omo/IJ jxn

32
Q

Level IV LN

A

Omo –> clavicle

33
Q

Level V LN

A

Post SCM –> Ant Trap
Down to clavicle
a= sup to inf border cricoid
b= inf to inf border cricoid

34
Q

Level VI

A

Hyoid –> suprasternal notch

Medial border carotid sheaths (lat)

35
Q

Cranial Nerve VII enter/exit SB

A

Enter IAM
Motor root exits SMF
Chorda exists petrotympanic fissure
Grt Sup Petrosal n exits pterygoid canal

36
Q

Structures passing through SOF

A

III, IV, V1, VI
superior ophthalmic vein
a branch of the inferior ophthalmic vein

37
Q

Structures passing through optic canal

A

II, ophthalmic artery

38
Q

Structures passing through foramen rotundum

A

V2
artery of for rot
emissary vv

39
Q

Structures passing through foramen ovale

A

V3
accessory meningeal a
emissary vv (cav sinus, pterygoid plexus)
otic ganglion
nervus spinosus, lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally)

40
Q

Structures passing through IAM

A

VII-VIII

vestibular ganglion, labyrinthine a (br of AICA or basilar)

41
Q

Structures passing through jugular foramen

A 
IX, X, XI
inferior petrosal sinus (drains into IJ)
jugular bulb (between sigmoid sinus and IJ)
42
Q

Boundaries of PPF

A

Medial half IOF –> Upper end palatine canal
Maxilla –> pterygoid plates
SPF, perp plate palatine bone –> PMF

43
Q

Communications of PPF

A

Maxillary sinus, Orbital cavity (OIF), MCF (for rotundum, pterygoid canal), oral cavity (palatine canal), infratemporal fossa (PMF), nasal cavity (SPF)

44
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

PNS, innervate lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa

ENT Secrets (79 decks)

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