Chapter 77 - Intubation and Tracheotomy Flashcards
how to estimate ET tube size in kids ages 1-12
Age/4 + 3 if cuffed
Age/4 + 4 if uncuffed
mortality rate of trachea-innominate fistula
73%
Which trach incision can be used in kids to decrease risk of subglottic stenosis: horizontal or vertical?
vertical
which H/N location absorbs the greatest amount of cocaine?
trachea
Which cuff pressure will compromise capillary blood flow to the trachea?
34 cm H2O
How to treat airway fire
Turn off O2 - Saline - remove tube - reintubate - IV steroids/ABx - bronch to remove charred tissue - delayed extubation
ET tube size for neonate
2.5-3
tube size for 1-6 mo and 6-12 mo
3-3.5
3.5-4
tube size for toddler
4-5
tube size for adult female
6-7
tube size for adult male
7-8
Describe Cormack-Lehane airway grades
I- entire glottis
II- partial glottis
III- epiglottis only
IV- can’t see epiglottis
Blockage at what part of the airway would produce stertor
OP/NP
Use of heliox with airway obstruction
21:79 O2:He
less dense –> can get higher flow rate –> less turbulent flow means more air to distal lungs –> also decreases pressure gradient needed to move air across obstruction
Helium is inert, insoluble
how do IV steroids decrease airway inflammation/edema
reduced capillary dilation
decreased plasma extravastation
decreased inflammation