Tooth Stains Flashcards
1
Q
what is the mode of attachment of stains
A
- can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- can be contained within plaque and calculus
- can be incorporated into tooth structure
2
Q
what are the 2 types of stains and describe each
A
- extrinsic- surface stain
- instrinsic: stain occuring within the tooth
3
Q
what are the 2 sources of stain and describe each
A
- exogenous: caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic or intrinsic stains)
- endogenous: caused by factors within the tooth ( always intrinsic)
4
Q
do tooth stains cause disease
A
no they are not an etiolgoical factor for diseases within the oral cavity and therefore removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only
5
Q
describe yellow stains
A
- common in all ages
- associated with plaque accumulation
- typically related to poor oral hygiene
- source is typically food pigments
6
Q
describe green stains
A
- light to dark in color
- found within plaque
- typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
- sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
- dark green stain may become incorporated into tooth structure
- caused by chromo-genic bacteria (color producing bacteria) , tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor OH
7
Q
describe black line stains
A
- found along cervical third near gingival margin
- fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
- can appear black at pits and fissures
- attached via pellicle structure
- made up on microorganisms ( gram positive rods)
- common in women and children
- reforms after removal
8
Q
describe tobacco stains
A
- light brown to dark black in color
- diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus
- heavier deposits (especially chewing tobacco) can become intrinsic staining
- frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth
- composed of tar products
9
Q
what are other brown stains
A
- stannous fluoride
- anti- plaque agents
- betel leaf
10
Q
describe red or orange stains
A
- often appears at cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
- rare occurence
- etiology: chromogenic bacteria
11
Q
describe instrinsic stains
A
- drug induced- tetracycline
- tooth- trauma stain - necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth
-restorative materials - tooth development- fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics
12
Q
what does polishing do
A
- removes extrinsic stain and plaque
- smooth out the tooth surface
- improves esthetic appearance
- aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
13
Q
what effect does polishing have on teeth
A
- removes fluoride rich enamel layer
- abrades dentin/cementum
14
Q
what are the negatives of polishing
A
- aerosol production
- bacteremia
- produces heat
- tooth surface abrasion
-tissue trauma
15
Q
what are the contraindications of polishing
A
- no extrinsic stain
- hypersensitivity
- decalcified/carious lesion
- cementum/dentin exposure
- fixed crowns - zirconia, gold
- newly erupted teeth
- gingival or periodontal inflammation- do not polish after scaling/ root planing
