Tooth Stains Flashcards
what is the mode of attachment of stains
- can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- can be contained within plaque and calculus
- can be incorporated into tooth structure
what are the 2 types of stains and describe each
- extrinsic- surface stain
- instrinsic: stain occuring within the tooth
what are the 2 sources of stain and describe each
- exogenous: caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic or intrinsic stains)
- endogenous: caused by factors within the tooth ( always intrinsic)
do tooth stains cause disease
no they are not an etiolgoical factor for diseases within the oral cavity and therefore removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only
describe yellow stains
- common in all ages
- associated with plaque accumulation
- typically related to poor oral hygiene
- source is typically food pigments
describe green stains
- light to dark in color
- found within plaque
- typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
- sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
- dark green stain may become incorporated into tooth structure
- caused by chromo-genic bacteria (color producing bacteria) , tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor OH
describe black line stains
- found along cervical third near gingival margin
- fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
- can appear black at pits and fissures
- attached via pellicle structure
- made up on microorganisms ( gram positive rods)
- common in women and children
- reforms after removal
describe tobacco stains
- light brown to dark black in color
- diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus
- heavier deposits (especially chewing tobacco) can become intrinsic staining
- frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth
- composed of tar products
what are other brown stains
- stannous fluoride
- anti- plaque agents
- betel leaf
describe red or orange stains
- often appears at cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
- rare occurence
- etiology: chromogenic bacteria
describe instrinsic stains
- drug induced- tetracycline
- tooth- trauma stain - necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth
-restorative materials - tooth development- fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics
what does polishing do
- removes extrinsic stain and plaque
- smooth out the tooth surface
- improves esthetic appearance
- aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
what effect does polishing have on teeth
- removes fluoride rich enamel layer
- abrades dentin/cementum
what are the negatives of polishing
- aerosol production
- bacteremia
- produces heat
- tooth surface abrasion
-tissue trauma
what are the contraindications of polishing
- no extrinsic stain
- hypersensitivity
- decalcified/carious lesion
- cementum/dentin exposure
- fixed crowns - zirconia, gold
- newly erupted teeth
- gingival or periodontal inflammation- do not polish after scaling/ root planing
what is the rate of abrasion affected by
- quantity (More particles applied = faster rate of abrasion)
- speed of application ( higher speed of handpiece = faster rate of abrasion)
- pressure applied ( greater pressure = faster rate of abrasion)
- quality of abrasive (dry abrasives are contraindicated
what are polishing agents used in the lab
- pumice (coarse or lab grade)
- rouge (iron oxide)
- emery ( corundum)
describe polishing agents intra orally
- pumice ( flour of pumice, FFF)
- silicon dioxide
- tin oxide- good for gold
what is the composition of prophy paste
- abrasives: 50-60%
- water: 10-20%
- humectant:20-24%
- binder: 1.5-2%
-sweetener - flavoring
what are the kinds of prophy paste
fine
medium
coarse grit
what do you need to polish
- slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter
- disposable prophy angle
- prophy paste
- saliva ejector
- air/water syringe
- 2x2 gauze
what are the steps in polishing teeth
- fill rubber cup with prophy paste
- apply paste to 2-3 teeth
- engage rheostat with foot, then apply rubber cup to tooth surfaces for 1-2 seconds
- use a patting or intermittent stroke
- apply slight pressure to flare rubber cup into subgingival sulcus and interproximal region
describe the polishing stroke
- divide tooth into thirds
- apply cup with moderate pressure at cervical areas and sweep off tooth towards incisal/occlusal edges
- stroke should be intermittent; do not keep cup on tooth as excess heat will be generated and can cause burns on gingival margin
what are the things to remember in polishing
- use slowest handpiece
- use least abrasive prophy paste
- floss teeth after polishing to remove any remaining plaque/prophy paste debris
- bristle brushes are available to polish/remove plaque from occlusal surfaces
