Dentrifices Flashcards
what are the components of dentrifice
- fluoride
- abrasive
- humectant
- binder
- surfactant
- favoring agent
- sweeteners
what are abrasive agents in dentrifice
-silicas
- carbonates
- phosphates
what are the polishing agents in dentrifices
- aluminum
- calcium
- tin
abrasiveness depends on:
- hardness of abrasive
- size
- shape
- brushing technique
- pressure of brush
- hardness of bristles
- direction of brushing stroke
- number of strokes
what are the humectants in dentrifices
- sorbitol
- manitol
- glycerin
- propylene glycol
what do humectants do
- maintain moisture
- prevent evaporation/hardening
- increase shelf life
what are the binders in dentrifce
- natural gums- seaweed extracts
- synthetic - cellulose
what do binders do
- thickening agent
- stabilizes- prevents solids from settling out
what is the main reason patients purchase dentrifice
flavoring agents
flavor needs to be:
- pleasant
- immediate
- long lasting
synthetic options in flavoring agents:
- mint options
- vanilla
- cinnamon
- citrus
essential oils in flavoring agents:
- thymol
- menthol
- eucalyptol methyl salicylate
what are the non- cariogenic sweeteners
- saccharin
- cyclamate
- sorbitol
- mannitol
- glycerin
- xylitol
what sweetening agents also serve as humectants
- sorbitol
- mannitol
- glycerin
what are surfactants also called
foaming agents or detergents
describe surfactants
- stable/compatible
- some antibacterial properties
- flavor easy to mask
- low surface tension
- most common in US is sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
- products are available without SLS
what are the therapeutic options for toothpaste
- anti - caries
- anti- gingivitis
- anti- hypersensitivity
what are the other categories of toothpaste
- baking soda
- hydroxyapatite
- anti- calculus
- whitening
- natural
all ADA accepted toothpastes contain____
fluoride
no ADA accepted toothpaste contain ____
sugar
what is the lowest percentage that a therapeutic ingredient at least be in toothpaste
1.0%
describe anti- caries therapeutic toothpaste
- fluoride
- sodium fluoride (NaF) - 0.22% at 1,100 ppm
- sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) - 0.76% at 1,000 ppm
- stannous fluroide (SnF2) - 0.4% at 1,000 ppm
- most OTC toothpastes are 1,000 ppm
describe anti- gingivitis therapeutic toothpastes
- stannous fluoride
- reported activity against:
-caries - plaque- antimicrobial
- gingivitis- gingival bleeding
- calculus control
-sensitivity
describe anti- hypersensitivity therapeutic toothpastes
- potassium nitrate: penetrates through the length of dentinal tubules, depolarizes sensory nerve endings
- stannous fluoride: blocking of exposed dentinal tubules
- ADA seal for anti hypersensitivity effects
what do baking soda toothpastes contain
- sodium bicarbonate
- silicate
- fluoride
describe baking soda toothpastes
- may have ADA seal
- not due to baking soda effects
- baking soda toothpastes are no more effective than regular toothpaste
describe toothpaste with hydroxyapatite
- newer ingredient
- lab generated
- non-toxic
- biocompatible
- may be used in conjuction with fluoride
- often paired with xylitol
describe anti- calculus dentrifices
- tartar control toothpaste: crystalline growth inhibitors interrupt process of mineralization
- soluble pyrophosphates
- ADA seal NOT awarded for anti-calculus claim
what are polishing or chemical agents that remove stain
- hydrated silica
- titanium dioxide
- hydrogen peroxide
- carbamide peroxide
when were guideliens for whitening products implemented
may 1998
whitening toothpastes control stain via:
- physical methods
- abrasives
- chemical mechanisms
- surface active agents or bleaching/oxidizing agents
