Fluoride Flashcards
what percentage of adults 0-64 have had caries in permanent teeth
92%
what percentage of adults have untreated decay
26%
fluoride is a _____ to caries prevention; not a ____
supplement; solution
what are systemic application of fluoride
-ingested agents that become incorporated into enamel during development of tooth structures
- water
- supplements
-food/beverages
what are the types of fluoride therapy
- systemic
- topical
what is topical application therapy
strengthen teeth already in the mouth making them more resistant to caries
- water
-homecare products
- in office products
what is the mechanism of action of topical fluoride
- promotes remineralization and prevents demineralization after eruption
- inhibits glycolysis in bacteria, thereby inhibiting the ability of bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acid
what is water fluoridation
an increase of the natural fluoride in a community’s water supply to a level optimal for dental health
what is one of the most cost effective preventative dental program by public health
water fluoridation
what are the benefits in water fluoridation
- 30-39% decrease in caries in primary dentition
- 35% decrease in children/adolescent permanent dentition
- approximately 20-30% decrease in coronal caries and 20-40% decrease in root caries in adult population
what is the optimal levels of water
0.6-1.2 ppm
what level of water fluoridation is associated with decreased caries in less than 10% of population
0.7 ppm
what is fluorosis
changes in the apperance of enamel caused by too much systemic fluoride
what is optimal level of water fluoridation consider
minimal caries with minimal fluorosis
what do tooth structures feel like that are demineralized
rough
what do tooth structures feel like with fluorosis
smooth
how does topical fluoride work
- fluoride deposited in enemael during enamel maturation phase in a concentration of fluoride in the enamel
- highest concentration occurs on the outermost portion and decreases as you move toward the dentin
- fluoride ions are substituted into the hydroxyapatite crystal and form a stable, more compact bond making the tooth resistant to demineralization
- does not cause fluorosis
what is the fluoride/enamel reaction influenced by
concentration of fluoride, pH of fluoride and length of exposure
acidic fluorides typically form:
calcium fluoride
higher concentrations form:
calcium fluoride
what is the concentration of in office fluorides
greater than 9000 ppm
what concentration of fluorides form fluoroapatite
less than 100 ppm
what are the benefits of topical fluoride
- remineralization
- interferes with bacterial metabolism
- prevention
what are the types of topical fluoride applications
- 2% neutral sodium flouride (9000 ppm): foam or gel, rarely used
- 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (12,300 ppm): foam or gel, rarely used
- 5% NaF (22,600 ppm): varnish, commonly used
describe the initial deposit of fluoride
-not permanent
- relatively rapid loss after 24 hours
what happens after every application of topical fluoride
there is an increase in the amount of permanently bound fluoride in the outermost layer of enamel which causes a decrease in caries susceptibility