Powered Scalers Flashcards
what are powered scalers used for
- benefits the gingiva by removing biofilm and calculus deposits
- produces less operator wrist fatigue than hand scaling
- utilize rapidly vibrating, water-cooled tips to remove deposits from tooth surfaces and to debride periodontal pockets
what are the types of powered scalers
sonic and ultrasonic
what are the types of ultrasonic
- piezoelectric
- magnetostrictive
describe ultrasonic scalers
- operate at higher frequency than sonic scalers (20-50 kHz)
- utilize a water lavage that deplaques/washes away debris in the periodontal pockets
- cavitatio occurs with these isntruments causing bubbles to form and collapse thereby disrupting the cell walls of harmful bacteria resulting in lysis/cell death
describe sonic scalers
-air driven
- produces less heat that ultrasonic
-3,000-8,000 hertz
describe piezoelectric
- operates at a frequency of 29 kHz - 50 kHz
- strokes occur in a linear pattern via crystals activated by the ceramic handpiece
- only the lateral sides are effective in the removal of plaque and calculus
- the most effective portion of the tip is the last 2.4mm
- requires less water to control heat
- can be used on patients with multiple health issues
- multiple area- specific tips can be used
- used in endo treatment when utilizing the proper tips
what is the mode of action of piezoelectric
- reactivated by dimensional changes in crystal housed within the handpiece as electricity passed over the surface of the crystals
- the resultant vibration produces tip movement that is primarily linear in direction
describe magnetostrictive
- commonly referred to as brand name Cavitron
- operates at a lower frequency than piezo (20-40 kHz)
- strokes occur in an elliptical pattern via stacks of metal sheets
- all aspects of tip are activated and therefore effective for biofilm and calculus removal
why do magnetostrictive require water
production of heat
what should the tip of magnetostrictive not be used for
calculus removal
when should magnetistrictive not be used
for patients with a pacemaker unless shielded
what is the mode of action of magnetostrictive
- using flat metal strips in a stack or a metal rod attached to a scaling tip; electrical currents are supplied to a wire coil in the hand piece
- a magnetic field is created around the stack or rod transducer causing it to constrict
- an alternating current then produces an alternating magnetic file that causes the tip to vibrate
- tip movement is elliptical
what are the parts of a cavitron machine
- cavitron handpiece
- foot pedal
- power adapter
- water line
- water line hose attachment
- water line attachment to chair water reservoir
- handpiece connector
- handpiece cable
what are the parts of a cavitron insert
- working end- tip
- O -ring
- metal stacks
what are the power settings for cavitron and what are they used for
- low: biofilm removal and light subgingival deposits
- medium: general debridement of biofilm and calculus deposits
- high: removal of ehavy, tenacious calculus deposits
- adjust water setting accordingly
how do you adapt the cavitron tip
use the lateral surfaces of the tip to adapt to the tooth surface
- tip can lead into interproximal spaces but not directly contacting the tooth surface
- ensure the tip is always moving beginning at the coronal surface toward the apical surfaces
describe the cavitron technique
- use light grasp and light pressure
- strokes need to be overlapping and in many directions - oblique, horizontal, vertical
- the tip must contact all aspects of the root surfaces to thoroughly disrupt biofilm accumulation
what will heavy pressure on cavitron cause
more damage and will decrease effectiveness of calculus removal
what cavitron tip is used for implants
yellow with blue plastic cover for a one time use cover
what machine is used with ultrasonic scalers and dental implants
30k machine
what two machines are there for cavitron at the dental school
30k and 25k
for the cavitron insert wear guide, what is optimum efficiency
tip extends beyond blue line
for the cavitron insert wear guide what is 25% efficiency loss
tip touches blue line- reorder
for the cavitron insert wear guide what is 50% efficiency loss
tip touches red line- discard
ultrasonic scaling should always be done in conjuction with:
hand scaling
ultrasonic scaling alone is not effective enough for:
removal of grainy spicules of calculus
what type of restorations should you be cautious around
composite and porcelain restorations
when using ultrasonic scalers with crowns how should you do this
use lower setting to remove supra and subgingival deposits
what are the movements of piezoelectric, magetostrictive and sonic scalers
- linear
- elliptical
- round
