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Patient Care 3 > Grasp, Fulcrum and Periodontal Probing > Flashcards

Grasp, Fulcrum and Periodontal Probing Flashcards

1
Q

describe the benefits of modified pen grasp and when it is used

A
  • grasp for holding periodontal instruments
  • allows precise control of the working end
  • permits a wide range of movement
  • facilitates good tactile conduction
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2
Q

describe the modified pen grasp

A
  • thumb and index finger hold the instrument
  • middle finger stabilizes
  • ring finger used to fulcrum
  • thumb is used to roll the instrument
  • fingers maintain contact and work together to adapt instrument
  • movement is in the wrist
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3
Q

what is the placement and functino of the inddex and thumb in modified pen grasp

A
  • on instrument handle
  • hold the instrument
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4
Q

what is the placement and function of the middle finger in modified pen grasp

A
  • rests lightly on the shank
  • helps to guide the working end, feels vibrations transmitted from the working end to the shank
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5
Q

what is the placement and function of the ring finger in modified pen grasp

A
  • on oral structure often a tooth
  • stabilizes the hand for control and strength
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6
Q

what is the placement and function of the pinky finger in modified pen grasp

A
  • near ring finger, held in a natural, relaxed manner
  • has no function
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7
Q

what is a fulcrum

A

stabilizing point for clinicians hand during instrumentation

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of fulcruming techniques

A
  • intraoral
    -extraoral
  • advanced
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9
Q

what fulcrum provides best stability for clinicians hand

A

standard intraoral fulcrums

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10
Q

what are the benefits of standard intraoral fulcrums

A
  • decreases likelihood of injury to patient or clinician
  • provides best leverage and strength during instrumentation
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11
Q

what are examples of extraoral fulcrum

A

against patients chin or cheek

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12
Q

what are the parts of the periodontal instruments and describe each

A
  • handle: used for holding the instrument
  • shank: rod shaped length of metal located between the handle and working end of an instrument
  • working end: the part of the instrument that does the work of the instrument
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13
Q

what are the parts of the shank

A

functional shank and terminal shank

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14
Q

what is the functional shank

A

the part of the shank that allows the working end to be adapted to the tooth surface, begins below the working end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle

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15
Q

what is the terminal shank

A

the portion of the functinoal shank nearest to the working end

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16
Q

what is a simple shank and where is it used

A
  • a shank that is bent in one plane front to back
  • simple shank = straight shank
  • used on anterior teeth
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17
Q

what is a complex shank and where is it used

A
  • a shank that has been bent in two places - front to back and side to side
  • complex shank = angled/curved shank
  • used on posterior teeth
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18
Q

the functino of an instrument is determined primarily by _______

A

the design of the working end

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19
Q

to determine an instrument’s use you must be able to recognize the design characteristics of the _____

A

face, back , lateral surfaces, and cutting edges of the working end

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20
Q

what are the 2 main types of periodontal hand instruments

A
  • sickle scalers
  • curettes
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21
Q

describe sickle scalers

A
  • triangular cross section of the blade
  • supragingival sclaing
  • 2 cutting edges
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22
Q

describe curettes

A
  • rounded cross section of the blade
  • supra and subgingival scaling
  • universal and area specific instruments available
  • universal curettes have 2 cutting edges
  • area specific curettes have 1 cutting edge
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23
Q

describe the end, cutting edge, angulation, cross section and blade of sickle scalers

A
  • pointed toe
  • 2
  • 90 degrees
  • triangular
  • striaght
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24
Q

describe the end, cutting edge, angulation, cross section and blade of universal curettes

A
  • rounded
  • 2
  • 90 degrees
  • half elliptical
  • straight
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25
Q

describe the end, cutting edge, angulation, cross section and blade of area specific curettes (gracey’s)

A
  • rounded
  • 1 (lower end)
  • 70 degrees
  • half elliptical
  • blade curved away from cutting edge
26
Q

what is adaptation important for

A
  • maintaining contact of working end and tooth structure during instrumentation
27
Q

incorrect adpatation results in _____

A

ineffective calculus removal and tissue laceration

28
Q

what is activation important for

A

efficient plaque and calculus removal

29
Q

describe activation

A

wrist, hand, and forearm work as a unit, finger pulling is not effective and causes operator fatigue

30
Q

what are the components to activation

A
  • blade adaptation
  • instrument angulation
  • blade insertion
  • lateral pressure
  • working stroke
31
Q

what is angulation

A

refers to the angle between the face of a bladed instrument and the tooth surface

32
Q

what are the periodontal assessment instruments

A

periodontal probes and explorers

33
Q

what is the full meaning of probe

A

to search into and explore very thoroughlyw

34
Q

what is the most important instrument in assessing and diagnosing periodontitis

A

the periodontal probe

35
Q

what is a probe used to measure

A
  • probing depth
  • gingival recession
  • size of pathologic lesions
  • clinical attachment level
  • furcation involvement
  • distance between teeth
  • amount of attached gingiva
  • bleeding on probing
  • overbite/overjet
36
Q

describe the periodontal probe

A

a slender, tapered, blunt instrument with millimeter markings on it

37
Q

probing inaccuracy is related to:

A

probe design, pressure applied, contour of the tooth

38
Q

what does probing depth correlate to

A

attachment loss, but is an objective measure of the distance between the base of the pocket and the crest of the gingiva regardless of the degree of attachment loss

39
Q

probing depth reading may change over time due to:

A

changes in the position of the gingival margin

40
Q

what is nabers (furcation) probe used for

A

to evaluate the bone support in the furcation areas of bifurcated or trifurcated teeth

41
Q

how do you use a nabers probe

A
  • the correct working end of the probe is when the lower (terminal) shank is positioned parallel to the tooth surface being examined
42
Q

what is probing

A

the act of walking the tip of a probe along the JE within the sulcus or pocket for the purpose of assessing the health status of the periodontal tissues

43
Q

what is the walking stroke

A

the movement of a calibrated probe around the perimeter of the base of a sulcus/pocket

44
Q

why is it important to evaluate the entire length of the pocket base

A

because the JE is not at a uniform level around the tooth

45
Q

what are the basics of probing

A
  • use modified pen grap
  • fulcrum close to the tooth youre probing
  • working end of the probe should always contact the tooth
  • probe should be parallel to the long axis of the tooth around all proximal surfaces except when probing interproximal
  • place the probe below the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus with 10-15 grams of pressure
  • the probe should stop at JE in health
46
Q

where does the probe go in disease

A

into the connective tissue

47
Q

probing depth will be calculated based on :

A

the line you see at the gingival margin

48
Q

keep the probe _____ as you move along the tooth

A

subgingival

49
Q

_____ along the circumference of the tooth

A

Hop

50
Q

where do you begin when probing

A

at the distal line angle and back into the distal aspect of the tooth, move forward to the mesial

51
Q

what are the 6 sites that probing measure

A
  • distofacial
  • facial
  • mesiofacial
  • distolingual
  • lingual
  • mesiolingual
52
Q

if probing depths vary within a site:

A

the deepest reading obtained in that site is recorded

53
Q

what does PD stand for

A

probing depth/ pocket depthw

54
Q

what does GM stand for

A

gingival margin

55
Q

what does ATTACH stand for

A

clinical attachment loss

56
Q

what does BOP stand for

A

bleeding on probing

57
Q

where is the PD located

A

base of pocket to gingival margin

58
Q

where is attachment level measureed

A

CEJ to base of pockt

59
Q

where is recession measured

A

CEJ to gingival margin

60
Q

if the measurement for the gingival margin is positive:

A

recession is present

61
Q

if the measurement for the gingival margin is negative:

A

the gingival margin is coronal to the CEJ and there is no recession

62
Q
A

Patient Care 3 (22 decks)

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