Tongue and Taste Buds

Question 1

what are the functions of the tongue in terns of ingestion

Answer 1

mastication - direct food
suckling
swallow
cleansing mouth

Question 2

what are the functions of the tongue in terms of sensory

Answer 2

taste?gustation

touch/mechanorecepton

Question 3

what else tongue inv in

Answer 3

speech

Question 4

what is the tongues last quality control for

Answer 4

ingestion
- protection
- food selection 
- food avoidance
reflex

Question 5

what are extrinsic muscles

Answer 5

orig from structures out from tongue and insert into the tongue

Question 6

what are some exrisnnc muscles

Answer 6

genioglossus (XII)
hypoglossus “
styloglossus “
palatoglossus (X)

Question 7

what do extrisinc muscles do

Answer 7

change shape of tongue 
move tongue bodily
- protrude
retract
depress
elevate

Question 8

what are intrisinc muscles

Answer 8

orig and insert within the tongue

Question 9

what are some intrinsic muscles

Answer 9

sup long
inf long
transers
vertical

Question 10

what does the intrisinc muscles do

Answer 10

lengthen - shorten
curling
flatten an rounding

Question 11

what are the receptors of the tongue

Answer 11

taste buds

2000-5000

Question 12

where are taste buds

Answer 12

hard soft palate junction
dorsal and lat
most papillae

Question 13

some examples of taste bduds

Answer 13

circumvallate
foliate
fungiform
filiform

Question 14

where are the location of filifirom

Answer 14

anterior tongue

Question 15

what is strutter of filiform

Answer 15

cone shaped
CT core
keratinised epi cover tip- abrasive
non keratinised between - flexible

Question 16

where are fungiform papillae

Answer 16

anterior part of tongue

Question 17

wha is innervation of fungiform

Answer 17

VII acial - carried by lingual via chords tympani

Question 18

what are fugntifiom clinically seen as

Answer 18

red spots

Question 19

how many fungiform

Answer 19

200

Question 20

how many taste buds per papillae

Answer 20

ant - 1/18

mid tongue 1/9

Question 21

where are foliate pap found

Answer 21

lateral margin of posterior aspect

Question 22

what is the innervation of foliate pap

Answer 22

VII - anterior

IX - posterior

Question 23

how many parallel ridges

Answer 23

parallel ridges

Question 24

how many taste buds per papilla of foliate

Answer 24

117

Question 25

where ar the circumvallate

Answer 25

anterior sulcus of terminals

Question 26

what is inrvtaion of circumvallate

Answer 26

IX glossopharyngeal

Question 27

how many circumvallate pap

Answer 27

3-13 | 252 taste buds per pap

Question 28

what is imp for slaiva

Answer 28

taste solvent transport bathe in saliva and fluid form von ebner

Question 29

what doe the serous glands of von ebner do

Answer 29

diffusion pathway remove stimulus by active secretion secrete binding protein

Question 30

what is the basic structure of taste bud

Answer 30

tongue surface - taste pore (pore substance) epi cells type 1,2,3 lamina propria - nerves and base type 4 cells

Question 31

what are type 1 cells

Answer 31

dark cells support cells prod taste pore substance

Question 32

what re type 2 cells

Answer 32

light cells immature type 3 support cells receptors

Question 33

what are type3 cells

Answer 33

RECEPTORS | synoptically couple to gustatory nerves

Question 34

wat are type 4 cells

Answer 34

precursors of type 1-3

Question 35

how can taste bd cell tun rover be seen

Answer 35

autoradiography

Question 36

what is the turnover of taste buds lie

Answer 36

10 life span | seance 4,1,2,3

Question 37

what si the nerve supply for post, ant and epiglottis taste buds

Answer 37

post 1/3 - IX ant 2/3 - VII - chord tymp epi - X

Question 38

what are the afferents in the taste bud

Answer 38

a delta non myelinated fine

Question 39

do taste buds have efferent effects

Answer 39

yes if remove nerve supply the pap and taste buds disappear

Question 40

where are non lingual taste buds oudn

Answer 40

soft palate and/ or epiglottis not on pap slightly elevated areas

Question 41

what are the receptor mechanism

Answer 41

transduction chem stim --> electrical stim prob type 3 or 2 cells

Question 42

what is recep mech for salt

Answer 42

sircet entry Na ion = depo

Question 43

what is recep mech for sour

Answer 43

citric acid - lemon free H+ blocks post channels = depo

Question 44

what is recep mech for sweet and bitter

Answer 44

secondary messenger pathway | blocks potassium channel = depo

Question 45

give full maple of rep mech

Answer 45

``` depo receptor cell potential open voltage gated calcium channels increase intracellular free calcium release neurotransmitter depo afferent nerve ensigns ```