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Oral Biology > Salivary Glands and Saliva > Flashcards

Salivary Glands and Saliva Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three major glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

what are some minor glands

A 
lips
cheeks
palate
oropharynx 
tongue
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3
Q

what does saliva lack

A

urgency of blood
endeavour of sweat
emotion of tears

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4
Q

what it si the parotid secretion

A

99% serous

watery saliva

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5
Q

what is the submandibular secretion

A

mixed mucous/serous

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6
Q

what is mucous

A

thick viscous saliva with more mucoproteins (glycoproteins)

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7
Q

what is the sublingual secretion

A

largely mucous secretion

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8
Q

what is the function of he salivary gland system characterised by

A

the continuous resting secretion upon which intermittently an enormously increased activity is superimposed

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9
Q

what is the resting secretion

A 
present throughout the day and night 
keeps the mouth and oropharynx
- moist
- lubriated
- protected
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10
Q

what is the volume of saliva produced a day

A

500-750ml/day

  • > 90% major gland
  • <10% minor glands
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11
Q

what is the unstimulated flow rate

A

0.3ml/min at rest - average

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12
Q

what is the stimulated flow rate

A

1.75ml/min

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13
Q

what are the sources of saliva at rest

A

10% parotid
70% submandibular
10% sublingual
10% minor gland

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14
Q

what are the sources of saliva when stimulated

A

60% parotid
30% submandibular
5% sublingual
5% minor glands

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15
Q

what is serous

A

watery fluid

from parotid and submandibular glands

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16
Q

what is mucous

A

slime

mainly sublingual and minor

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17
Q

what is whole saliva

A

when mix serous and mucous secretion and crevicular fluid decimated epi cells, bits protein, bac etc

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18
Q

what are the function of saliva

A 
protects tissue
enhances taste
lubricates food 
speeds oral clearance of food 
facilitates removal carbs
neutralises organic acid
inhibits demin
recycle ingested fluoride 
discourage bac growth
proteins sustain enamel surface
19
Q

what are some factors influencing he stimulated flow rate

A 
mechanical stimuli 
gustatory and olfactory stimuli 
gland size
age
food intake
vomiting
visual stimulus
20
Q

what is lack of saliva called

A

xerostomia

21
Q

what is perceived as xerostomia

A

when unstim flow < 50% normal

22
Q

what is the disease/damage of lack of saliva

A

systemic
local
- intrinsic
- extrinsic

23
Q

what are some other cases that cause increase of xerostomia

A 
medications 
- analgesic
- beta blockers
dehydration
during sleep
24
Q

what are the problems assc with xerostomia

A 
increased problems 
mucosal infections 
pain from oral mucosa
difficult in chew, swallow, speak
impaired taste
25
Q

what can xerostomia induced by

A

radiotherapy

26
Q

when does the composition of saliva vary with

A 
from gland to gland
rate of secretion 
between sp 
water 
electrolytes
elements
hypotonic
27
Q

what are assc cations in saliva

A

sodium
pott
calcium
magnesium

28
Q

what are assc anions in saliva

A 
chlorine
carbonate
phosphates
thiocyanate
fluoride
iodine
hydroxide
29
Q

what is the buffering action of saliva

A

HCO3-
mainly major gland
conc increases with flow rate
minimises drop in pH around teeth after consumption of sugar/acids

30
Q

how does saliva mineralise teeth

A

supersaturated with calcium nd phosphate
high flow rates assc with inc calcium, phosphate
- dec demin
inc remin
inc calculus
helped by presence of fluoride in saliva

31
Q

what is the organic content in saliva carb

A 
blood group substances 
glucose
lipids
cortisol
amino acid
urea
ammonia
32
Q

what is the organic content in saliva protein

A 
serum albumin 
gamma globulins 
mucoproteins 
amylase
lysosome
lactoferrin 
proline rich protein 
staterins 
histatins
cystitis
33
Q

what is the first stage of carb digestion

A

break down polysaccharides starch to dissacharides maltose

34
Q

where is saliva lipase from

A

lingual micr glands

von ebner glands

35
Q

wat is the first stage of fat digestion

A

lipase
remain active at gastric pH
milk - infants

36
Q

what are mucous glycoproteins (mucins)

A

complex molecules

  • peptide core
  • oligsaccharide chains
37
Q

what do mucin do

A 
lubricate 
coat oral tissues 
- prevent drying 
- barrier
imp part of pellicle 
aggregate bac
nourish
38
Q

what do statherins, PRP and histatines do

A

prevent precip of calcium and phosphate from saliva
- supersaturation
inhibit resin of teeth
can’t perm

39
Q

what do calcium binding proteins do

A

attach to tooth surface

  • role in pellicle
  • role in attaching bac
40
Q

what are some non specific antimicrobial actions of saliva

A 
water - cleansing 
mucins - agg bac
amylase - interferes with bac adherence
lysosome - hydrolyses some bac cell wall 
peroxides - poisson bac
lactoferrin - derivates bac of iron
41
Q

where is secretary IgA from

A

minor glands

son by plasma cells in CT

42
Q

what is the secretory piece of secretory IgA added by

A

glandular epi

43
Q

what is sec IgA directed against

A

sp antigens

  • provide local immunity
  • potential for immunisation against caries
44
Q

what are factors affecting salivary flow rate

A 
inc food
inc smell food
time day 
season
lighting
hydration
body position 
drugs
age

Oral Biology (23 decks)

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