Salivary Glands and Saliva Flashcards by Charlotte Smith

what are the three major glands

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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what are some minor glands

lips
cheeks
palate
oropharynx 
tongue

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what does saliva lack

urgency of blood
endeavour of sweat
emotion of tears

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what it si the parotid secretion

99% serous

watery saliva

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what is the submandibular secretion

mixed mucous/serous

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what is mucous

thick viscous saliva with more mucoproteins (glycoproteins)

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what is the sublingual secretion

largely mucous secretion

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what is the function of he salivary gland system characterised by

the continuous resting secretion upon which intermittently an enormously increased activity is superimposed

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what is the resting secretion

present throughout the day and night 
keeps the mouth and oropharynx
- moist
- lubriated
- protected

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what is the volume of saliva produced a day

500-750ml/day

> 90% major gland
<10% minor glands

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what is the unstimulated flow rate

0.3ml/min at rest - average

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what is the stimulated flow rate

1.75ml/min

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what are the sources of saliva at rest

10% parotid
70% submandibular
10% sublingual
10% minor gland

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what are the sources of saliva when stimulated

60% parotid
30% submandibular
5% sublingual
5% minor glands

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what is serous

watery fluid

from parotid and submandibular glands

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what is mucous

slime

mainly sublingual and minor

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what is whole saliva

when mix serous and mucous secretion and crevicular fluid decimated epi cells, bits protein, bac etc

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what are the function of saliva

protects tissue
enhances taste
lubricates food 
speeds oral clearance of food 
facilitates removal carbs
neutralises organic acid
inhibits demin
recycle ingested fluoride 
discourage bac growth
proteins sustain enamel surface

what are some factors influencing he stimulated flow rate

mechanical stimuli 
gustatory and olfactory stimuli 
gland size
age
food intake
vomiting
visual stimulus

what is lack of saliva called

xerostomia

what is perceived as xerostomia

when unstim flow < 50% normal

what is the disease/damage of lack of saliva

systemic
local
- intrinsic
- extrinsic

what are some other cases that cause increase of xerostomia

medications 
- analgesic
- beta blockers
dehydration
during sleep

what are the problems assc with xerostomia

increased problems 
mucosal infections 
pain from oral mucosa
difficult in chew, swallow, speak
impaired taste

what can xerostomia induced by

radiotherapy

when does the composition of saliva vary with

``` from gland to gland rate of secretion between sp water electrolytes elements hypotonic ```

what are assc cations in saliva

sodium pott calcium magnesium

what are assc anions in saliva

``` chlorine carbonate phosphates thiocyanate fluoride iodine hydroxide ```

what is the buffering action of saliva

HCO3- mainly major gland conc increases with flow rate minimises drop in pH around teeth after consumption of sugar/acids

how does saliva mineralise teeth

supersaturated with calcium nd phosphate high flow rates assc with inc calcium, phosphate - dec demin inc remin inc calculus helped by presence of fluoride in saliva

what is the organic content in saliva carb

``` blood group substances glucose lipids cortisol amino acid urea ammonia ```

what is the organic content in saliva protein

``` serum albumin gamma globulins mucoproteins amylase lysosome lactoferrin proline rich protein staterins histatins cystitis ```

what is the first stage of carb digestion

break down polysaccharides starch to dissacharides maltose

where is saliva lipase from

lingual micr glands | von ebner glands

wat is the first stage of fat digestion

lipase remain active at gastric pH milk - infants

what are mucous glycoproteins (mucins)

complex molecules - peptide core - oligsaccharide chains

what do mucin do

``` lubricate coat oral tissues - prevent drying - barrier imp part of pellicle aggregate bac nourish ```

what do statherins, PRP and histatines do

prevent precip of calcium and phosphate from saliva - supersaturation inhibit resin of teeth can't perm

what do calcium binding proteins do

attach to tooth surface - role in pellicle - role in attaching bac

what are some non specific antimicrobial actions of saliva

``` water - cleansing mucins - agg bac amylase - interferes with bac adherence lysosome - hydrolyses some bac cell wall peroxides - poisson bac lactoferrin - derivates bac of iron ```

where is secretary IgA from

minor glands | son by plasma cells in CT

what is the secretory piece of secretory IgA added by

glandular epi

what is sec IgA directed against

sp antigens - provide local immunity - potential for immunisation against caries

what are factors affecting salivary flow rate

``` inc food inc smell food time day season lighting hydration body position drugs age ```