Differentiation

Question 1

what is the function of epi

Answer 1

protection

keratinocytes = differentiation integrity

Question 2

what is differentiation

Answer 2

the process by which cells or tissues undergo change toward a more sp form or function

Question 3

what kind of organisms undergo diff

Answer 3

multicell

differing structures and function

Question 4

what is the gene expression effect in diff

Answer 4

changes

Question 5

whiter some imp features assc with diff which mostly still done to all cells even though diff

Answer 5

diff cells = diff proteins 
process to all cels
RNA polymerase
DNA repair enzyme 
ribosomal proteins 
metabolic pathway proteins 
cytoskeletal protiens

Question 6

what is the dif in mRNA in differentiated cells

Answer 6

diff pattern of protein production

Question 7

what can cells do when assc with external cells

Answer 7

change the expression of genes in repose

Question 8

what is the regulation of dif

Answer 8

transcriptional 
RNA process
RNA transport
localisation control 
translation control 
mRNA deg control
protein activity control

Question 9

what are some cell communication mechanisms involved in diff signalling

Answer 9

EGF 
TFG - beta
FGF
Wnt
Hedgehog 
Notch
Integrin pathway

Question 10

what si the cystokeleton

Answer 10

system of protein filaments in cyto of eukaryotic cell = cells have and movement

Question 11

what are the dos abundant components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 11

actin
microtubules
intermediate

Question 12

what do cytsosletons have to do

Answer 12

org space
shape and robust
change shape
interact with enviro

Question 13

what are the functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 13

chromo apart
cytokinesis
intracellular traffic
support
cell move 
contraction

Question 14

diameter of a actin filament

Answer 14

5-9nm

Question 15

diameter of microtubules

Answer 15

25nm

Question 16

what is the diameter of intermediate filament

Answer 16

10nm

Question 17

what makes intermediate filaments

Answer 17

intermediate filament proteins

Question 18

what do diff groups of intermediate filaments do

Answer 18

one = nuclear lamina
others = extend across cyto

Question 19

how do intermediate filaments strengthen entire epi

Answer 19

span cyto form one cell cell junction to other

Question 20

name some types of intermediate filaments

Answer 20

nuclear
vimentin-like
epithelial
axonal

Question 21

what sit he component peptides nuclear IF and location

Answer 21

components - lamina A, B, C

location - nuclear lamina

Question 22

what is the component peptides of vimentin-like IF and location

Answer 22

components

• vimentin
• design
• glial fibre

location

• mesenchymal
• muscle
• glial cells

Question 23

what is component peptides of epithelial IF and location

Answer 23

components
- type 1/2 keratin

location
- epithelial cells

Question 24

what is the component peptides of axonal IF and location

Answer 24

component
- neurofilament

location
- neurons

Question 25

what sit he basic intermediate filaments structure

Answer 25

plus and a negative side bind together end up with no polarity bind together

Question 26

does actin and tubulin have polarity

Answer 26

ye

Question 27

what is the percentage of keratin type 1/2 of all IF's

Answer 27

75%

Question 28

what is the molecular weight of keratins

Answer 28

40-70kDa

Question 29

what does type 1 keratin consist of

Answer 29

rang fo K9-20

Question 30

what does type 2 keratin consist of

Answer 30

range of K1-K8

Question 31

can keratins of the same type bind

Answer 31

no only type 1 to type 2 and vv

Question 32

most basic/neural keratins will bind with

Answer 32

acidic kertain

Question 33

when are diff subsets of keratins expressed

Answer 33

during course of terminal differnetiation

Question 34

assembly of what must be present

Answer 34

one isoform of each keratin

Question 35

what are the simple epithelia keratins

Answer 35

7 18 19 20

Question 36

what are the complex keratins

Answer 36

5/6 10 14 15

Question 37

any given cell has how many isoforms

Answer 37

2-10 | can be up or down regulated

Question 38

what si the chromo assc with type 1

Answer 38

chromo 17

Question 39

what si the chromo ass with type 2

Answer 39

chromo 12

Question 40

how do different keratins have diff rounds of gene duplication

Answer 40

evolution

Question 41

wha assembled the primordial gene of

Answer 41

28 amino acids

Question 42

both type 1 and 2 have how many exons and introns

Answer 42

axons - 9 | introns - 8

Question 43

what is type 1 keratin like

Answer 43

smaller acidic 40-64 kDa chromo 17q

Question 44

what is type 2 keratin like

Answer 44

larger basic 52-67kDa chromo 12q

Question 45

what defines epi cell in this area

Answer 45

desmosomes and other junctions stratified squamous epi tight bound 2 diff types of epi

Question 46

what ar the two basic types epi

Answer 46

keratinised and non kertinsied

Question 47

does all epi have keratin

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

whee are some non keratinising lining epi

Answer 48

``` alveolar mucosa buccal mucosa gingival sulcus floor of mouth ventral surface of tongue ```

Question 49

what are the layers of non keratinised oral tissues

Answer 49

basal prickle suprabasla superficial

Question 50

what kertinas are expressed in basal layer of non keratinised

Answer 50

k5 and k14

Question 51

what keratins are expressed in superficial layer of non keratinised

Answer 51

k4 and k13

Question 52

where is some keratinised masticatory epi

Answer 52

palate | attached gingiva

Question 53

what are the layers of keratinised epi

Answer 53

basal prickle granular cornfield

Question 54

what are the layers of basal layer in keratinised

Answer 54

k5 k14

Question 55

what are the keratins in cornfield layer in keratinised epi

Answer 55

k1 k10

Question 56

why doe cells stop dividing and diff

Answer 56

signals imp calcium ions pKC both increase CDK's inhibitors remove intern expression alpha 6 beta 4 laminin

Question 57

why are keratins in gingiva

Answer 57

add some complexity

Question 58

what are some examples of keratin mutatiosn

Answer 58

white spot nevus (k4/k13) leukoplakia (k6/k16) SCC (k8)