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Oral Biology > Differentiation > Flashcards

Differentiation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of epi

A

protection

keratinocytes = differentiation integrity

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2
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process by which cells or tissues undergo change toward a more sp form or function

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3
Q

what kind of organisms undergo diff

A

multicell

differing structures and function

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4
Q

what is the gene expression effect in diff

A

changes

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5
Q

whiter some imp features assc with diff which mostly still done to all cells even though diff

A 
diff cells = diff proteins 
process to all cels
RNA polymerase
DNA repair enzyme 
ribosomal proteins 
metabolic pathway proteins 
cytoskeletal protiens
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6
Q

what is the dif in mRNA in differentiated cells

A

diff pattern of protein production

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7
Q

what can cells do when assc with external cells

A

change the expression of genes in repose

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8
Q

what is the regulation of dif

A 
transcriptional 
RNA process
RNA transport
localisation control 
translation control 
mRNA deg control
protein activity control
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9
Q

what are some cell communication mechanisms involved in diff signalling

A 
EGF 
TFG - beta
FGF
Wnt
Hedgehog 
Notch
Integrin pathway
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10
Q

what si the cystokeleton

A

system of protein filaments in cyto of eukaryotic cell = cells have and movement

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11
Q

what are the dos abundant components of the cytoskeleton

A

actin
microtubules
intermediate

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12
Q

what do cytsosletons have to do

A

org space
shape and robust
change shape
interact with enviro

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13
Q

what are the functions of the cytoskeleton

A 
chromo apart
cytokinesis
intracellular traffic
support
cell move 
contraction
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14
Q

diameter of a actin filament

A

5-9nm

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15
Q

diameter of microtubules

A

25nm

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16
Q

what is the diameter of intermediate filament

A

10nm

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17
Q

what makes intermediate filaments

A

intermediate filament proteins

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18
Q

what do diff groups of intermediate filaments do

A 
one = nuclear lamina
others = extend across cyto
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19
Q

how do intermediate filaments strengthen entire epi

A

span cyto form one cell cell junction to other

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20
Q

name some types of intermediate filaments

A

nuclear
vimentin-like
epithelial
axonal

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21
Q

what sit he component peptides nuclear IF and location

A

components - lamina A, B, C

location - nuclear lamina

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22
Q

what is the component peptides of vimentin-like IF and location

A

components

  • vimentin
  • design
  • glial fibre

location

  • mesenchymal
  • muscle
  • glial cells
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23
Q

what is component peptides of epithelial IF and location

A

components
- type 1/2 keratin

location
- epithelial cells

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24
Q

what is the component peptides of axonal IF and location

A

component
- neurofilament

location
- neurons

25
Q

what sit he basic intermediate filaments structure

A

plus and a negative side
bind together
end up with no polarity
bind together

26
Q

does actin and tubulin have polarity

A

ye

27
Q

what is the percentage of keratin type 1/2 of all IF’s

A

75%

28
Q

what is the molecular weight of keratins

A

40-70kDa

29
Q

what does type 1 keratin consist of

A

rang fo K9-20

30
Q

what does type 2 keratin consist of

A

range of K1-K8

31
Q

can keratins of the same type bind

A

no only type 1 to type 2 and vv

32
Q

most basic/neural keratins will bind with

A

acidic kertain

33
Q

when are diff subsets of keratins expressed

A

during course of terminal differnetiation

34
Q

assembly of what must be present

A

one isoform of each keratin

35
Q

what are the simple epithelia keratins

A

7
18
19
20

36
Q

what are the complex keratins

A

5/6
10
14
15

37
Q

any given cell has how many isoforms

A

2-10

can be up or down regulated

38
Q

what si the chromo assc with type 1

A

chromo 17

39
Q

what si the chromo ass with type 2

A

chromo 12

40
Q

how do different keratins have diff rounds of gene duplication

A

evolution

41
Q

wha assembled the primordial gene of

A

28 amino acids

42
Q

both type 1 and 2 have how many exons and introns

A

axons - 9

introns - 8

43
Q

what is type 1 keratin like

A

smaller
acidic
40-64 kDa
chromo 17q

44
Q

what is type 2 keratin like

A

larger
basic
52-67kDa
chromo 12q

45
Q

what defines epi cell in this area

A

desmosomes and other junctions
stratified squamous epi tight bound
2 diff types of epi

46
Q

what ar the two basic types epi

A

keratinised and non kertinsied

47
Q

does all epi have keratin

A

yes

48
Q

whee are some non keratinising lining epi

A 
alveolar mucosa 
buccal mucosa 
gingival sulcus 
floor of mouth 
ventral surface of tongue
49
Q

what are the layers of non keratinised oral tissues

A

basal
prickle
suprabasla
superficial

50
Q

what kertinas are expressed in basal layer of non keratinised

A

k5 and k14

51
Q

what keratins are expressed in superficial layer of non keratinised

A

k4 and k13

52
Q

where is some keratinised masticatory epi

A

palate

attached gingiva

53
Q

what are the layers of keratinised epi

A

basal
prickle
granular
cornfield

54
Q

what are the layers of basal layer in keratinised

A

k5 k14

55
Q

what are the keratins in cornfield layer in keratinised epi

A

k1 k10

56
Q

why doe cells stop dividing and diff

A

signals imp
calcium ions
pKC both increase CDK’s inhibitors
remove intern expression alpha 6 beta 4 laminin

57
Q

why are keratins in gingiva

A

add some complexity

58
Q

what are some examples of keratin mutatiosn

A

white spot nevus (k4/k13)
leukoplakia (k6/k16)
SCC (k8)

Oral Biology (23 decks)

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