Swallowing

Question 1

What is command swallow

Answer 1

Commonly studied

Applies to swallowing lipids - anterior oral seal lips and posterior oral seal tongue and soft palate

Question 2

What are the phase he command swallow

Answer 2

Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal

Question 3

What happens in the oral phase

Answer 3

Tongue - stabilised, raised to hard palate
Soft palate - raised, naso pharyngeal seal, imp in cleft palate
Lower airway protected - stop breathing, larynx raised

Question 4

What si the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Answer 4

Tongue backwards
Pharyngeal constrictors squeeze
Upper oesophageal sphincter - cricopharungeaus opens
Lower airway protected - epiglottis down, vocal cords close to

Question 5

What’s it he oesophageal phase

Answer 5

Primary peristalsis - moves the bolus
Lower oesophageal sphincter opens
Secondary peristalsis - reflex response to debris, cleansing more for solids than liquids
Sonic terms close
RESP system airway reopens and breathing resumes

Question 6

What is peristalsis

Answer 6

Unidirectional wave of muscle contractions in tubular organ like oes
Powerful gravity assisted

Question 7

What happens when swallow solid food

Answer 7

Prep phase - food broken down mastication, stage 2 transport, food accumulates on posterior pharyngeal surface on tongue
Pharyngeal and oesophageal phase

Question 8

Solid vs liquid swallow

Answer 8

Liquid - swallowed from mouth, distinct oral phase

Solid - swallowed from mouth and /or pro-pharynx, Oro pharyngeal phase

Question 9

Adult swallowing

Answer 9

Teeth together
Jaw and tongue stabilised by jaw closing muscles
Til of tongue stable behind incisors

Question 10

Infant swalliwng

Answer 10

Gums apart
Jaw and tongue stab aliased by facial muscle
Tongue thrust anterior open bite cause or effect

Question 11

How does muscle control swallowing

Answer 11

Mainly skeletal mucles - motor neurone control

Smooth muscle - autonomic control

Question 12

What si reflex swallowing

Answer 12

Sensory nerves
Mechanoreceps - back of mouth and pharynx
Water sensitive - epiglottis
Chemo receptive - mouth

Question 13

What si the gag reflex

Answer 13

Stimuli - mechanical at back fo mouth, rarely food
Cns determines whether stimuli swallow or gag
Prod one repsonse and suppress other

Question 14

What is the swallowing frequency

Answer 14

500-2500 times a day 
Depend on activty 
25% eating 
65% awake
10% asleep