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WSET3 > Tokaj & Greece > Flashcards

Tokaj & Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Tokaj located

A

In the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in the NE of Hungary close to the Slovakian border

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2
Q

What style of wine does Tokaj make

A

Primarily botrytized sweet wine but Late Harvest sweet wine and dry wine are also made.

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3
Q

What is the climate of Tokaj. Where are the best vineyards

A

Moderate. On hillside slopes with Southerly aspects

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4
Q

What are the 2 rivers that help produce the humidity necessary for noble rot in Tokaj

A

Bodrog and Tisza

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5
Q

What are the 3 principle white grapes used in making sweet Tokaji

A

Furmint, Harslevelu, Sarga Muskotaly

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6
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Tokaj. What is its flavor profile when young. What flavors develop with age

A

Furmint. Concentrated, high acid, apples. Develops nuts and honey with age

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7
Q

Is Furmint only used for sweet wines

A

No it can also produce premium quality dry wines

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8
Q

When do Furmint and Harslevelu ripen

A

Late

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9
Q

What do Harslevelu and Sarga Muskotaly contribute to a blend

A

Harslevelu gives perfume, Sarga Muskotaly is also used for it’s aromatic quality.

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10
Q

What is another name for Sarga Muskotaly

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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11
Q

What size bottles are used for sweet Tokaj

A

50 cl

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12
Q

What is the Hungarian term for rotten

A

Aszu

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13
Q

Describe how the harvest is conducted in Tokaj

A

Harvest involves several passes through the vineyard with grapes being sorted in to 3 categories. Indvidual Aszu grapes, bunches that are largely uunaffected by noble rot and bunches that are partially affected by rot

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14
Q

What is the Hungarian term for bunches partially affected by rot. What is its translation

A

Szamorodni. “As it comes”

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15
Q

What is the objective of segregating grapes into 3 categories during Harvest in Tokaj

A

To make different style wines from each

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16
Q

Describe the styles of dry white wine from Tokaj…when are these typically made and from what grape(s)

A

Made in years when there isn’t much noble rot. Dry wines vary from simple unoaked wines to more concentrated age worthy blends which are barrel fermented and aged in new oak. Typically made from Furmint

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17
Q

What is the generic name for Tokaj wines made from bunches of grapes partially affected by noble rot. Are they typically sweet or dry

A

Tokaji Szamorodni can be sweet (edes) or dry (szaraz) depending on the amount of noble rot present

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18
Q

Will a dry Tokaji Szamorodni show noble rot character or not

A

Yes

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19
Q

How long must Tokaji Szamorodni be aged

A

2 years with one being in oak casks

20
Q

Describe the aging process of dry and sweet Tokaji Szamorodni

A

The casks are not completely filled allowing a flor like yeast layer to form on the dry wines. The wine takes on a Fino sherry like character. The flor layer does not form on the sweet wines meaning they have an oxidative character. If this is undesirable it can be eliminated by filling the casks completely

21
Q

Describe the production of Aszu sweet wines

A

Starts with a base wine made from healthy grapes. Before during or after fermentation botrytized grapes are macerated in the base for 12 - 60 hrs. This mixture is pressed and the wine matured in oak for a period of time.

22
Q

What determines the sweetness of Aszu wines

A

The amount of noble rot grapes added - measured in Puttonyos ( 25Kg each )

23
Q

What is the typical profile of Aszu wines. What happens to the aromas as the wines rise up the sweetness scale

A

Deep orange, high acid, intense aromas of orange peel, apricots, honey. Wines become more concentrated and intense

24
Q

Describe Tokaji Eszencia. What is the minimum g/l of sugar. How long are these wines able to mature

A

Made using only the free run juice of Aszu berries. It is so sweet it can take years to ferment and even then the ABV is only 5%. Min sugar level is 450 g/l. They can mature for a century or more

25
Describe more modern Tokai sweet wines
Made from late harvest grapes ( and are often labelled as such ). When noble rot is present the wines is made by fermenting the noble rot grapes ( as with Sauternes and TBA ) rather than the macerating process used for Aszu. They may be matured for less time than Aszu.
26
When did new Tokaj wine laws come into effect
2013 vintage
27
What are the traditional Tokaj wine laws
Min level of sugar for Aszu was 60 g/l and wines could be labelled as 3 to 6 puttonyos. Min aging requirements were 24 months in oak and the wines could only be released in January of the 4th year after harvest. Aszu wines with at least 180 g/l of RS could be labelled Aszu Eszencia.
28
What are the new 2013 Tokaj wine laws
Min level of sugar for Aszu raised to 120 g/l. Wines with less than this must be labelled as Late Harvest or Tokaji Szamorodni depending on how they are made. Labelling Aszu Eszencia no longer permitted. Wines now only require 18 months in oak and can be released in Jan of the 3rd year after harvest
29
What are Greece's primary indigenous grapes
Xenomavro from Naousa, Assyrtiko from Santorini, Agiorgitiko from Nemea
30
What is Greece's climate. How hot does it get. What can destroy unprotected vineyards
Hot Mediterranean. Temps reach well over 30 C though coastal and elevated areas may be cooler. Strong winds around the islands south of the mainland
31
What tends to be the major issue to be overcome when growing in Greece. Where is this a particular problem and why
The almost total lack of rainfall in growing season. Drought conditions are common on the eastern side of the country which lies in the rain shadow of the Mts
32
How many grape varieties are native to Greece
Over 200
33
What 3 Greek wines have gained the most international recognition
Naoussa PDO, Nemea PDO, Santorini PDO
34
Where is Naoussa PDO. What is the wine made there. From which grape - which other grape is this compared to
In the North in the region of Macedonia. Red wines made exclusively from Xenomavro which is compared to Nebbiolo.
35
Describe the red wines from Naoussa
Medium color that fades quickly to tawny, lacking in fruit even when young, high acid, high tannin and can develop complex earth and spice notes with age
36
Where is Nemea PDO. What wine is made there and from which grape
In the North of the Peloppones close to the narrow strip that joins the peninsula to the mainland. Red wines made exclusively from Agiorgitiko
37
At what altitudes are the vineyards of Naoussa and Nemea
400m and 230 - 900 m respectively
38
In Nemea what elevation does the best fruit come from. What can be said about wines made from grapes above and below this elevation
Around 600 m. Wines from lower tend to be jammy and are used to make fruity wines for early drinking. Wines from above tend to be acidic and lacking in fine tannins - this is used for Rose
39
Describe the best wines from Nemea
Deep ruby, high smooth tannin, low to med acid, sweet spice and red fruit flavors.
40
Can the wines of Naoussa and Nemea be aged
Yes both will age well. Nemea has an affinity for new oak
41
Where is Santorini PDO what kind of wine is made there and from what grape
A windswept island in the Agean to the south of the mainlandDry and sweet reds and whites but it is the white wine made from Assyrtiko that has the best reputation
42
Describe the dry white wine made from Assyrtiko
Perfumed aromas and concentrated flavors of citrus, and stone fruit, high acid
43
What are the sweet wines made from Assyrtiko called...how are the grapes treated, how long is the wine matured and what is the wines profile
Vinsanto. Grapes are dried on mats for 14 days. Aged in old oak for min 2 years but many go longer. Lusciously sweet, high acid, slightly oxidative caramel and nuts flavor
44
How do the vinyards of Santorini combat the wild winds
The vines are trained to coil up on themselves like a basket. The grapes grow on the inside
45
What are the wine laws of Greece
Follows the EU laws so PDO and PGI
46
For export wines what term might Greek producers use on the label of a PDO wine
Protected Designation of Origin or Appellation d'Origine de Qualite Superieure ( which is a subcat of PDO )
47
What term is often used on the label of a Greek PDO wine for the domestic market
Prostatevomeni Onomasia Proelifis

WSET3 (25 decks)

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