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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 different groups of tissues in the body?

A
  • Neural Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Epithelia Tissue
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2
Q

In Epithelial Tissue how can cells be arranged?

A
  • Simple (1 layer)
  • Stratified (many layers)
  • Pseudostratified ( 1 Layer that looks like many)
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3
Q

What different cell shapes are there in epithelial tissue?

A
  • Cuboidal (cuboid)
  • Squamos (flattened)
  • Columnar (tall, thin)
  • Transitional (change shape)
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4
Q

Squamos Tissue, properties and use:

A

1- Simple Squamos- Reduces friction/absorption/secretion -> lining blood vessels and alveoli
2- Stratified squamos - provides physical protection against pathogens, chemicals and scratching -> skin top layer or toungue surface

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5
Q

Cuboidal Tissue, properties and uses:

A
  • All cuboidal provide protection, secretion and absorption

Simple or stratified -> in glands and duct linings

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6
Q

Columnar Tissue, properties and uses:

A

All types provide protection
Simple - secretion, absorption -> lining of intestines/stomach
Pseudostratified - secretion, movement of mucus with microvilli -> lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
Stratified - extra protection -> lining of cavities in the skull

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7
Q

Transitional Tissue, properties and uses:

A
  • Allows for expansion and recoil -> walls of the bladder
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8
Q

Difference between simple and compound glands?

A

simple have 1 duct

Compound have many ducts

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9
Q

list the simple gland shapes:

A

1- Tubular
2- Coiled
3- Branched
4- Alveolar (bulb)

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10
Q

How does a merocrine gland work?

A
  • Cells excrete substances via exocytosis of vesicles
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11
Q

How does an Apocrine gland work?

A
  • Cells excrete substances by pinching off part of the cytoplasm
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12
Q

How does a Holocrine gland work?

A
  • Cells excrete substances by bursting to release the cell content
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13
Q

What makes up connective Tissue?

A

1- Fibres
2- Cells
3- Ground substance

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14
Q

What is ground substance?

A

A mixture of fluid (blood/lymph), minerals (bone) and cartilage (gel like)

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15
Q

what cell type is the first connective tissue of the embryo made of?

A

mesenchymal cells

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16
Q

What 2 types of loose connective tissue are there?

A

1) Adipose connective tissue

2) Reticular connective tissue

17
Q

what are the properties of the 2 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Adipose - insulation, cushioning, energy storage

Reticular - Supporting framework

18
Q

what 3 types of dense connective tissue are there?

A

1) Dense Regular Connective Tissue
2) Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
3) Elastic Tissue

19
Q

Structure and use of Dense Regular Connective tissue:

A
  • parallel collagen fibres so super strong tensile

- > Tendons (attaching bone to muscle)

20
Q

Structure and use of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue:

A
  • Non-Parallel collagen fibres, so quite strong when pulled in any direction
  • > Protective capsule layer
21
Q

Structure and use of Elastic connective tissue:

A
  • made of Elastic fibres which stabilize joints, cushions shock and can expand
  • > Walls of blood vessels eg aorta
22
Q

What 3 types of Cartilage tissue are there?

A

1) Hyaline Cartilage
2) Fibrocartilage
3) Elastic Cartilage

23
Q

Structure and use of Hyaline Cartilage:

A
  • made of gel and chondrocytes (cartilage cells)

- > Covering bone tips in synovial joints

24
Q

Structure and use of fibrocartilage:

A
  • Resists compression to prevent bone-bone contact

- > intervertebral discs, pads in knees

25
Q

Structure and use of Elastic cartilage:

A
  • Provides support and has shape memory

- > ear is made of this

26
Q

What 3 types of Muscle tissues are there?

A

1) Cardiac
2) Skeletal
3) Smooth

27
Q 
Properties of skeletal muscle tissue:
 cell size:
Control:
Striated:
Other:
A

cell size: Large
Control: Voluntary
Striated: yes
Other: Multinucleated

28
Q 
Properties of Cardiac muscle tissue:
cell size:
Control:
Striated:
Other:
A

cell size: small
Control: involuntary
Striated: yes
Other: has pacemaker cells and intercalated discs to electrically connect cells

29
Q 
Properties of smooth muscle tissue: 
cell size:
Control:
Striated:
Other:
A

cell size: small
Control: Hormonal
Striated: no
Other: has pacesetter cells

30
Q

What are neuroglia?

A
  • supporting cells of neurons, which help the neuron keep structure by repairing damage and providing good conditions
31
Q

what are tissue membranes?

A

tissues that secrete/form some kind of membrane

32
Q

give 2 examples of tissue membranes:

A
  • Mucous membrane
  • serous membrane (line cavities)
  • Cutaneous membrane (skin)
  • synovial membrane (line joints)

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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